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It is a clinical condition whose etiology is still uncertain, but studies have shown that genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors can result in disorders of blastogenesis of the branchial arches. This study evaluates gestational aspects, focusing on possible risk factors associated with CM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a case\u2013control study conducted with patients monitored at a medical genetics service and compared to a control group of patients without evidence of malformations, born in a mother and child hospital, both located in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. Mothers\u2019 data were obtained using questionnaires and by reviewing medical records. The sample consisted of 43 patients with CM (cases) and 129 patients without evidence of malformations (controls), paired by sex, totaling three controls for each case. Data analysis was performed using the two\u2010tailed Fisher's exact test, Pearson's chi\u2010square test, and the<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified several factors associated with the development of CM, including the use of abortion methods by the mothers of these babies (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.001), maternal diabetes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.009), advanced maternal age (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.035), and a history of vaginal bleeding (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Furthermore, these patients exhibited a tendency to be born prematurely (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.027), with low birth weight (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007), and lower Apgar scores (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) when compared to healthy infants. Using a multivariate model, the use of abortion methods (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.003) and vaginal bleeding (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.032) remained independently associated with craniofacial microsomia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have identified several risk factors for the development of CM, including a propensity for premature birth, low birth weight, and respiratory difficulties. Additionally, women of advanced maternal age and\/or those who used abortion methods and\/or have diabetes have a higher risk of giving birth to a baby with CM. This information can be valuable in clinical practice, especially for the prevention of future cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T09:19:18Z","timestamp":1703150358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk factors and characteristics of the birth of patients with craniofacial microsomia, a case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-0067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernani Bohrer","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5802-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamile Dutra","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5370-5501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dani\u00e9lle Bernardi","family":"Silveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-6568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio Rouvel","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pathology Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9562-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merialine","family":"Gresele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5799-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam Elisa","family":"Dallagnol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5946-0946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieli Barp","family":"Ziliotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1317-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Fabiano Machado","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Clinical Genetics (UFCSPA) and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7628-4877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Ricardo Gazzola","family":"Zen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Clinical Genetics (UFCSPA) and Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia de Porto Alegre (ISCMPA) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32685"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2013.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2015.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Brasil. 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