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In previous studies, music has been identified as an intervention therapy for children with ASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study evaluated the effects of music on cognitive behavioral impairments in both sexes of adult rats exposed prenatally to Valproic acid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>For induction of autism, pregnant female rats were pretreated with either saline or VPA (600\u2009mg\/kg.i.p.) at gestational day (GD) 12.5. Male and female offspring were divided into Saline.Non\u2010Music, VPA.Non\u2010Music, Saline.Music, and VPA.Music groups. The adult rats in the music groups were exposed to Mozart's piano sonata K.448 for 30\u2009days (4\u2009h\/day), from postnatal day (PND) 60 to 90. Social interaction and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks were tested at PND 90.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results revealed that prenatal exposure to VPA decreased sociability and social memory performance in both sexes of adult rats. Moreover, prenatal exposure to VPA created learning and memory impairments in both sexes of adult rats in the MWM task. Music intervention improved sociability in both sexes of VPA\u2010exposed rats and social memory in both sexes of VPA\u2010exposed rats, especially in females. Furthermore, our results revealed that music ameliorated learning impairments in VPA\u2010exposed female rats in the MWM task. In addition, music improved spatial memory impairments in VPA\u2010exposed rats of both sexes, especially in females, which needs more investigation in molecular and histological fields in future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Music intervention improved sociability and social memory in adult VPA\u2010exposed rats, especially in female animals. Furthermore, music improved memory impairments in VPA\u2010exposed rats of both sexes. It seems that music had a better influence on female rats. However, future studies need more investigations in molecular and histological fields.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T03:45:15Z","timestamp":1705722315000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of music on cognitive behavioral impairments in both sex of adult rats exposed prenatally to valproic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5361-4466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Taheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Joushi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lily","family":"Mohammadipoor\u2010Ghasemabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Rad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center Afzalipour Medical University of Medical Science  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadijeh","family":"Esmaeilpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"},{"name":"School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo  Waterloo Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Sheibani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Research Center Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/mp.2010.27.4.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01307-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20356"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-017-1137-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46867\/IJCP.2007.20.02.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2724"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3922\/j.psns.2013.3.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10050274"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6513a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-016-0229-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S117499"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","article-title":"Epidemiological controversies in autism","volume":"171","author":"Fombonne E.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pmu0000033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tp.2019.09.09"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Keys to success with autistic children: Structure, predictability, and consistency are essential for students on the autism Spectrum","volume":"16","author":"Iseminger S. 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