{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T22:01:13Z","timestamp":1771711273781,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Research (BIHR) program leverages medical encounter data to conduct birth defect surveillance among infants born to military families. Omphalocele is a major abdominal wall defect with an annual prevalence of ~2 per 10,000 births in BIHR data, but an unexpected increase was observed during 2017\u20132019, reaching 6.4 per 10,000 births in 2018. To investigate this transient increase in prevalence, this study aimed to validate the omphalocele case algorithm among infants born 2016\u20132021.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Omphalocele cases were identified by ICD\u201010 code Q79.2 (exomphalos) on one inpatient or two outpatient infant encounter records and validated using parental and infant electronic health records. Characteristics of true and false positive cases were assessed using bivariate analyses and compared over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 638,905 live births from 2016 to 2021, 230 met the ICD\u201010 case definition for omphalocele; 138 (60.0%) cases were eligible for validation, of which 68 (49.3%) were true positives. The geometric mean time from birth to first ICD\u201010 omphalocele diagnosis was 1.1 (standard error [<jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic>] 0.1) days for true positives and 11.9 (<jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic> 3.1) days for false positives. Among the 70 false positives, 36 (51.4%) were cases of confirmed umbilical hernia; rates of umbilical hernia and delayed omphalocele diagnoses (&gt;30\u2009days after birth) were elevated among false positives during 2017\u20132019.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher misuse of ICD\u201010 code Q79.2 during 2017\u20132019 likely influenced the associated increase in omphalocele prevalence. Timing of diagnosis should be considered for omphalocele case definitions using medical encounter data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T07:14:10Z","timestamp":1706771650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigation of a transient increase in omphalocele prevalence in a birth cohort of <scp>TRICARE<\/scp> beneficiaries"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Jackielyn","family":"Lanning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department Naval Health Research Center  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra Michelle","family":"Magallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department Naval Health Research Center  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna T.","family":"Bukowinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department Naval Health Research Center  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gia R.","family":"Gumbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department Naval Health Research Center  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ava Marie S.","family":"Conlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department Naval Health Research Center  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0587-1000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clinton","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department Naval Health Research Center  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Leidos, Inc  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.11.052"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Department of Defense Birth and Infant Health Registry: Select reproductive health outcomes, 2003\u20102014","volume":"24","author":"Bukowinski A. T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Surveillance Monthly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020).4.10 Abdominal wall defects.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/birthdefects\/surveillancemanual\/chapters\/chapter\u20104\/chapter4.10.html#:~:text=On%20the%20mild%20end%20of by%20a%20thin%20translucent%20membrane"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022).Facts about omphalocele.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/birthdefects\/omphalocele.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2021).ICD\u201010\u2010CM official guidelines for coding and reporting.https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/files\/document\/2021-coding-guidelines-updated-12162020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(52)80184-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22889"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"The comparative incidence of umbilical hernia in colored and white infants","volume":"33","author":"Evans A. 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(2022).Birth defects data tables and directory 2022 [PDF].https:\/\/www.nbdpn.org\/docs\/Birth_Defects_Data_and_Directory_2022.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2018.10.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20065"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Pediatric Umbilical Hernia","author":"Troullioud Lucas A. 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