{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T08:04:01Z","timestamp":1753862641593,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypospadias continues to be a prevalent congenital anomaly affecting the male external genitalia, characterized by an unclear origin and complex treatment approaches. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with hypospadias and explore its genetic link with the <jats:italic>DICER1<\/jats:italic> rs3742330 variant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study involved two groups: 105 male children with hypospadias and 111 healthy male children as matched controls. Detailed history and physical examinations were conducted for all patients and controls. PCR\u2010restriction fragment length polymorphism was utilized to identify the <jats:italic>DICER1<\/jats:italic> rs3742330 variant, analyzing genotype distribution and allele frequency. Logistic regression analysis estimated the risk factors for hypospadias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean age in the hypospadias group was 4.56\u2009\u00b1\u20092.50\u2009years. The most prevalent type of hypospadias observed was the anterior type in 60 children (57.14%). Intrauterine growth restriction, advanced maternal age, and gestational hypertension were identified as significant risk factors for hypospadias (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.011, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.016, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.041, respectively). Regarding the genetic study, no significant difference was found in both genotype and allele frequencies of the DICER1 rs3742330 variant between case and control groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rs3742330 variant in the <jats:italic>DICER<\/jats:italic>1 gene showed no association with hypospadias cases in the Algerian population. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis identified preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, advanced maternal age, gestational diabetes, and rural residence as the most significant independent predictors for hypospadias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1716813845000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Potential risk factors for hypospadias and negative correlation with <i>DICER1<\/i> (rs3742330) A&gt;G variant in Algerian population: A case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4392-5156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laouar","family":"Rania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science University Of Mentouri Constantine 1  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chellat","family":"Djalila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science University Of Mentouri Constantine 1  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djoudi","family":"Brahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRE Laboratory University of Mentouri Constantine 1  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achou","family":"Rayene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science University Of Mentouri Constantine 1  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Horchi","family":"Meroua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science University Of Mentouri Constantine 1  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Touabti","family":"Souhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Urology Unit C.H.U S\u00e9tif  S\u00e9tif Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atrih","family":"Zoubir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department Specialized Mother and Child Hospital  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Choutri","family":"Hichem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pediatric Surgery Service University Ferhat Abbas  Setif Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boukri","family":"Asma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology\u2013Diabetology Service University Hospital Center of Constantine  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satta","family":"Dalila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Science University Of Mentouri Constantine 1  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sifi","family":"Karima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine University Of Constantine 3  Constantine Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2013.34069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2020.1831425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.09.050"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","article-title":"Patient perspectives and outcomes in adult hypospadias repair","volume":"15","author":"Arya M. 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