{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:18:24Z","timestamp":1790788704028,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":26,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013405","name":"Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDP15CH19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDP15CH19"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013405","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009945","name":"Merck KGaA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>When developing new antimalarial drugs, considering their potential use during pregnancy as preventive or curative therapy is crucial. This prevents the parasite from affecting embryonic development and reduces maternal and fetal death risks. Consequently, understanding the exposure and safety of antimalarial drugs during pregnancy is crucial, with well\u2010designed animal studies playing a key role in this assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>As part of the drug development program for cabamiquine, a series of developmental and reproductive toxicity studies were conducted in rats and rabbits. Additionally, the zebrafish embryo model was used to further improve embryo exposure, minimize confounding factors related to maternal toxicity, and assess developmental risks of cabamiquine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In these studies, although maternal toxicity was observed, there were no cabamiquine\u2010related adverse effects on fertility, embryonic, or fetal development at maternal exposures representing significant multiples (up to five and 10 times higher in rabbit and rats, respectively) than the exposure at the anticipated efficacious human dose. Similarly, no adverse effects were observed on ZF embryonic development, even though cabamiquine concentrations in the embryos were 10\u2010fold higher than nominal concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results obtained in a full set of reproductive toxicity studies did not provide evidence of detrimental effects on the conceptuses and progeny at maternally nontoxic doses and exposures, still representing a multiple of the anticipated systemic exposures in women of childbearing potential (WOCBP). Cabamiquine can therefore be considered a suitable therapeutic option for WOCBP and pregnant women living in malaria\u2010endemic regions by significantly reducing maternal and infant malaria death rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T05:50:21Z","timestamp":1724824221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Absence of developmental and reproductive toxicity in rats, rabbits, and zebrafish embryos exposed to antimalarial drug cabamiquine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA  Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA  Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PB DMPK Consulting Ltd.  Chinley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belen","family":"Tornesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicines for Malaria Venture  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias Hyun Ho","family":"Baeurle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA  Darmstadt Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Oeuvray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health R&amp;D of the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Ares Trading S.A. (an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany)  Eysins Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Spangenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health R&amp;D of the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Ares Trading S.A. 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(an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany)  Eysins Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfac102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-020-03565-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20281"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818d6788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9101345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2190"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2021-0312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-022-04137-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency (EMA). 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