{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T02:50:01Z","timestamp":1789527001748,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Critical congenital heart defects (CCHDs) are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. This study estimated survival of children with nonsyndromic CCHDs and evaluated relationships between exposures of interest and survival by CCHD severity (univentricular or biventricular function).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This analysis included 4380 infants with CCHDs (cases) born during 1999\u20132011 and enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population\u2010based case\u2013control study of major birth defects. Cases were linked to state death files. Nonparametric Kaplan\u2013Meier survival functions were used to estimate 1\u2010 and 5\u2010year survival probabilities overall and by severity group (univentricular\/biventricular) stratified by demographic and clinical exposure variables of interest. The log\u2010rank test was used to determine whether stratified survival curves were equivalent. Survival and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were also estimated using Cox proportional hazards modeling adjusted for maternal age, education, race\/ethnicity, study site, and birth year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>One\u2010 and five\u2010year survival rates were 85.8% (CI 84.7\u201386.8) and 83.7% (CI 82.5\u201384.9), respectively. Univentricular 5\u2010year survival was lower than biventricular case survival [65.3% (CI 61.7\u201368.5) vs. 89.0% (CI 87.8\u201390.1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001)]. Clinical factors (e.g. preterm birth, low birthweight, and complex\/multiple defects) were associated with lower survival in each severity group. Sociodemographic factors (non\u2010Hispanic Black race\/ethnicity, &lt;high school education, smoking, and lower household income) were only associated with survival among biventricular cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mortality among children with CCHDs occurred primarily in the first year of life. Survival was lower for those with univentricular defects, and social determinants of health were most important in predicting survival for those with biventricular defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T10:13:14Z","timestamp":1726049594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Survival of Children With Critical Congenital Heart Defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina\u00a0E.","family":"Forestieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Monitoring Program, State Center for Health Statistics Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services  Raleigh North Carolina 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for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael\u00a0P.","family":"Fundora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta; and School of Medicine Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4702-1007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah\u00a0C.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Registry New York State Department of Health  Albany New York 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