{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:28:19Z","timestamp":1790818099215,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]],"date-time":"2024-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lithopaedion, or \u201cstone baby,\u201d represents an exceptionally rare clinical phenomenon with fewer than 350 documented cases existing in the medical literature. This condition arises when an advanced extrauterine pregnancy ceases its developmental trajectory and undergoes a lithification process, potentially resulting in a calcified mass with fetal\u2010like morphology. Typically, lithopaedions remain asymptomatic for decades, but may occasionally elicit acute symptoms necessitating medical intervention. However, predominantly, these entities are incidental findings discovered during radiological examinations or autopsies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of 25 lithopaedion cases, including unreported cases from several European medical museums. When feasible, additional radiological imaging was conducted to enhance diagnostic clarity. Furthermore, this article situates lithopaedions within a broader historical perspective and a detailed etiopathogenetic framework, elucidating the physiological and pathological mechanisms contributing to their formation. The phenomenon of lithopaedion is a testimony to the complex and often enigmatic nature of the human body.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>By compiling and scrutinizing a substantial number of cases, this review offers valuable insights into the clinical implications of lithopaedions. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for ongoing research and meticulous documentation of rare medical conditions like this, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of extraordinary phenomena.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T03:59:28Z","timestamp":1730433568000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stone Babies: A Pictorial Essay With Insights From 25 Museal Lithopaedions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1564-0847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas\u00a0L.","family":"Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Section Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Wasserscheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduard","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathologisch\u2010Anatomische Sammlung im Narrenturm\u2010NHM  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurens","family":"de Rooy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology Museum Vrolik, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelieke\u00a0N.","family":"Schepens\u2010Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging Section Anatomy and Museum for Anatomy and Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center  Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Magno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morgagni Museum of Human Anatomy \u2013 University Museums Centre CAM, University of Padua  Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Cusan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anthropology Department, School of Social Science University of Aberdeen, King's College  Aberdeen UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Rehder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Behunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Scharrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Lob\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Peloschek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Center, Wiener Privatklinik Hospital  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2452-8307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roelof\u2010Jan","family":"Oostra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biology Section Clinical Anatomy &amp; Embryology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne\u00a0G.","family":"Kircher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Portentosum Lithopaedion, Sive Embryon Petrefactum Urbis Senonensis","author":"Albosius J.","year":"1582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090\u20103019(86)90070\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5144\/0256\u20104947.2007.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.23f14874"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"29ss","article-title":"Ectopic Pregnancy in the United States, 1970\u20131983","volume":"35","author":"Atrash H. 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