{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:21:52Z","timestamp":1790709712971,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Heavy metals like lead (Pb) have been used by humans for a very long time, but throughout the industrial revolution, their use expanded, increasing exposure to the metal. Lead, however, has no biological purpose in the human body and is hazardous when it gets into soft tissues and organs. Lead is still used in a variety of industries, including battery manufacturing and car maintenance, despite efforts to limit its usage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates the teratogenic and morphometric effects of lead on chick embryos and the potential ameliorative effects of vitamin B6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred fertilized eggs from the golden black chicken were divided into four groups: control, lead acetate, vitamin B6, and lead + vitamin B6.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the 14th day, embryos were analyzed. Significant reductions in body weight and size were observed in the lead\u2010exposed group (33.93\u2009\u00b1\u20091.27\u2009g) compared to the control (41.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.97\u2009g). Pronounced deformities included rudimentary beaks, protruding eyes, tridactyl limbs, hydrocephaly, and neck deformities. Appendicular deformities like phocomelia, amelia, and abnormal phalanges growth were also noted. Vitamin B6 demonstrated therapeutic benefits, significantly improving mean embryo weight in the Lead + Vitamin B6 group (42.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.99\u2009g). The lead\u2010exposed group showed a reduction in maxilla length (3.61\u2009\u00b1\u20091.30\u2009mm) compared to the Lead + Vitamin B6 group (7.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79\u2009mm). This group also showed reduced severity of muscular dystrophy and bone thinning, with signs of recovery in beak and bone sizes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study highlights vitamin B6's beneficial impact in mitigating lead's toxic effects on chick embryonic development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T13:49:22Z","timestamp":1732628962000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protective Role of Vitamin <scp>B6<\/scp> Against Teratogenic Effects Induced by Lead in Chick Embryo"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Waheed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iram","family":"Inayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Nadia","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Chakwal  Chakwal Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aima Iram","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazish","family":"Ghazanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Idrees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadia","family":"Suleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Younis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khawaja Raees","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Sargodha  Sargodha Punjab Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Effects of Chronic Exposure to Lead on Some Organs","volume":"18","author":"Aktepe N.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Editor Assistant"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.03.015"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"In\u2010Ovo Supplementation of Nano Forms of Trace Minerals in the Development of Intestine and Lymphoid Organs of Broiler Chicken","volume":"9","author":"Anandhi M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/intox-2015-0009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.06.278"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"393","article-title":"Toxicity of Chlorpyriphos Containing Formulation and Heavy Elements (Cd, Pb) to Chicken Embryos","volume":"80","author":"Budai P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S274122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"100094","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) and Its Effects on Human: A Review. 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