{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T16:07:50Z","timestamp":1776960470383,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Reports from China describe an increase in the frequency of fetal situs inversus in 2023 after the country's \u201czero\u2010Covid\u201d policy was lifted, suggesting an association with maternal SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection. However, a report of birth defects surveillance data from Scandinavia observed no sustained increase during the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pandemic (2020\u20132022 vs. 2018\u20132019). We examined birth defects surveillance data to assess any increase in\u00a0situs inversus in the U.S. during the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We combined data from four population\u2010based birth defects programs in Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia, to compare the prevalence of situs inversus among infants and fetuses delivered before (2017\u20132019) and during (2021\u20132022) the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pandemic. We defined situs inversus as mirror\u2010image transposition of the heart and\/or other organs, or primary ciliary dyskinesis with situs inversus, excluding isolated dextrocardia. The programs varied in the pregnancy outcomes included (live births\u2009\u00b1\u2009non\u2010live births); all included both prenatal and postnatal diagnoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 294 infants and fetuses with situs inversus (6.8% non\u2010live births). We estimated the combined prevalence per 10,000 live births as 1.72 during the pandemic versus 1.71 before the pandemic (OR\u2009=\u20091.005; 95% CI: 0.778\u20131.297). The estimated annual prevalence ranged from 1.41 in 2017 to 2.21 in 2019 with no significant trend across the study period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.39).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did not observe an increase in\u00a0situs inversus during the SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pandemic. Because information about SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection among individual pregnancies was not available from all programs, we could not assess a specific association with maternal infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:31:04Z","timestamp":1733999464000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Observed Prevalence of Congenital Situs Inversus in the United States Before and During the <scp>SARS<\/scp>\u2010<scp>CoV<\/scp>\u20102 Pandemic, 2017\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6571-793X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janet D.","family":"Cragan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sook\u2010Ja","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health Minnesota Birth Defects Information System  St Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7894-0279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Forestieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Birth Defects Monitoring Program State Center for Health Statistics  Raleigh North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Hort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minnesota Department of Health Minnesota Birth Defects Information System  St Paul Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eirini","family":"Nestoridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Birth Defects Monitoring Program Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goldbelt Professional Services National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Stallings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennita","family":"Reefhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Positivity in Offspring and Timing of Mother\u2010To\u2010Child Transmission: Living Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"384","author":"Allotey J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Overview of Variants in Countries [Internet]","author":"CoVariants","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S295444"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2023.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1960-2682"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Three Scandinavian Countries Did Not See the Same Increase in Foetal Situs Inversus Observed in China During the COVID\u201019 Pandemic","volume":"00","author":"Ludvigsson J. F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","unstructured":"National Birth Defects Prevention Network.2024.\u201cBirth Defects Data Tables and Directory.\u201dAccessed March 22 2024.https:\/\/www.nbdpn.org\/publications\/annual\u2010reports\u20105\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.163428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17436-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2309215"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010024\u201007409\u20101"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.2424","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T04:07:43Z","timestamp":1735358863000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.2424"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.2424"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.2424","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-07-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2424"}}