{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T23:09:58Z","timestamp":1784761798928,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We calculated prevalences of birth defects among infants of participants in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) COVID\u201019 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry (C19VPR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C19VPR enrolled women receiving COVID\u201019 vaccines \u2264\u200930\u2009days before the last menstrual period or during pregnancy from December 2020 through June 2021. We included 19,931 participants with singleton pregnancies ending \u2265\u200920\u2009weeks' gestation who did not report COVID\u201019 illness during pregnancy. Clinicians identified birth defects from participant\u2010reported infant health information up to 4\u2009months after birth. We compared C19VPR birth defect prevalences to published pre\u2010pandemic estimates. For seven defects originating during embryogenesis (cleft lip with\/without cleft palate, atrial septal defect, coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect, esophageal atresia or stenosis, hypospadias, kidney agenesis\/hypoplasia\/dysplasia), we estimated prevalence ratios comparing those vaccinated &lt;\u200914\u2009weeks' to those vaccinated \u2265\u200914\u2009weeks' gestation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants reported receiving Pfizer\u2010BioNTech vaccines (59.0%), Moderna (38.2%), and Janssen (2.8%) vaccines. Most (65.2%) participants received their first COVID\u201019 vaccine after the first trimester. The prevalence of major birth defects was 3.8%. Among defects with comparator estimates available (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200950), 35 were below or within expected ranges. C19VPR prevalences were higher than the comparator confidence interval for 15 defects; however, C19VPR confidence intervals included comparator estimates. Prevalences did not differ by the timing of vaccination for seven defects examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birth defects prevalence estimates among infants born to women receiving COVID\u201019 vaccines during or just prior to pregnancy were generally similar to pre\u2010pandemic estimates. While there was no strong evidence of associations between vaccination and specific defects, statistical power was low.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1747801781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Vaccination During Pregnancy and Birth Defects: Results From the <scp>CDC COVID<\/scp>\u201019 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry, United States 2021\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0385-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennita","family":"Reefhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta, Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Head","family":"Zauche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina A.","family":"Madni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet D.","family":"Cragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta, Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4224-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia A.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta, Georgia USA"},{"name":"Goldbelt Professional Services LLC  Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Nahabedian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eagle Global Scientific, LLC  Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine K.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"CDC COVID\u201019 Vaccine Pregnancy Registry team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences","author":"Agresti A.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102021\u2010069741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201035771\u20108"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Update on Overall Prevalence of Major Birth Defects\u2014Atlanta, Georgia, 1978\u20132005","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2008","journal-title":"MMWR. 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