{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T17:08:53Z","timestamp":1771261733362,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is a growing concern about the potential role of environmental exposure in congenital male anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aimed to assess the association between the domestic use of products containing solvents or pesticides during pregnancy and the risk of hypospadias in the offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included newborns from the PENEW case\u2013control study, which took place in Brittany, France, from October 2012 to December 2018. Newborns affected with hypospadias (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009100) were matched with one to four controls (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009283) according to the biological sex assigned at birth, center of birth, year, and season of birth. We assessed self\u2010reported domestic exposure to solvents (cosmetics, house cleaning, and home renovation products) and pesticides (used indoors and outdoors) through a maternal questionnaire at birth. We performed multivariable conditional logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The self\u2010reported use of indoor pesticides during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of hypospadias in offspring (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]\u2009=\u20092.68, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.5, 4.81), especially those against wood insects (aOR\u2009=\u200913.19, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.11, 59.57), rodents (aOR\u2009=\u20094.61, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.03, 20.7), and flying and crawling insects (aOR\u2009=\u20092.77, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.46, 5.28). Other studies have shown that domestic exposure was not statistically significantly associated with a risk of hypospadias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of indoor pesticides during pregnancy may be associated with a higher risk of hypospadias in offspring, especially those against flying and crawling insects. Further studies might be needed to identify specific molecules to target and confirm our results on a larger sample.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T05:59:58Z","timestamp":1745560798000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Domestic Use of Solvents and Pesticides and the Risk of Hypospadias in Offspring: A Case\u2013Control Study From Brittany, France"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8917-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flore\u2010Anne","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine CHU Rennes  Rennes France"},{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronan","family":"Garlantezec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Chevrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ad\u00e8le","family":"Bihannic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brittany Registry of Congenital Anomalies, Department of Pediatrics CHU Rennes  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Pladys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, LTSI\u2010UMR  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"B\u00e9ranger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine CHU Rennes  Rennes France"},{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Rouget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en sant\u00e9, Environnement et Travail)  Rennes France"},{"name":"Brittany Registry of Congenital Anomalies, Department of Pediatrics CHU Rennes  Rennes France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"ANSES. n.d.\u201cSynth\u00e8se et recommandations du comit\u00e9 d'orientation et de prospective scientifique de l'observatoire des r\u00e9sidus de pesticides.\u201dAgence Nationale de S\u00e9curit\u00e9 Sanitaire de L'alimentation de L'environnement et du Travail (ANSES).https:\/\/www.anses.fr\/en\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed\u20102013\u2010102036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diff.2019.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010019\u201005313\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp39"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.11.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038\u2010012\u20100417\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed\u20102019\u2010105801"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0b013e31826c2bd8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.04.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/107735211799041922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2009.047373"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"EUROCAT. n.d.\u201cGuide 1.4: Instruction for the Registration of Congenital Anomalies.\u201dEuropean Platform on Rare Disease Registration. 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