{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:21:28Z","timestamp":1774891288895,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the external ear that often leads to hearing loss due to associated auditory canal and middle ear malformations. While right\u2010ear predominance and conductive hearing loss are well\u2010documented, few studies have compared anatomical and audiological differences between sporadic and familial cases, especially in underrepresented populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare the clinical, anatomical, and auditory characteristics of patients with sporadic versus familial microtia in an Ecuadorian cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on 146 patients with microtia, classified as either sporadic or familial. Demographic, clinical, and risk factor data were collected through structured interviews. Audiological evaluations included auditory evoked potentials, otoacoustic emissions, tympanometry, pure\u2010tone audiometry, and speech audiometry, based on patient age and canal patency. Statistical analysis included Mann\u2013Whitney U and Chi\u2010square tests (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Right\u2010ear involvement was most common (45.45%). Grade 3 microtia was the most prevalent, while Grade 4 was observed exclusively in familial cases. Conductive hearing loss predominated (74.67% left ear, 83.33% right ear). Although no significant differences in hearing loss type or severity were found between groups, familial cases showed a trend toward more severe impairment. Otoacoustic emissions and stapedial reflexes were more frequently absent in right ears. Pure tone perception and speech recognition were also more impaired on the right side.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microtia is most commonly right\u2010sided and associated with significant conductive hearing loss. Familial cases may present with more severe features. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to mitigate developmental consequences, particularly in resource\u2010limited settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]],"date-time":"2025-06-24T07:33:28Z","timestamp":1750750408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hearing Loss Profiles in Sporadic and Familial Microtia: Clinical Insights From an Ecuadorian Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2091-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabricio","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Andrade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Tecnol\u00f3gica Indoam\u00e9rica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y Bienestar Direcci\u00f3n de Posgrados en salud  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fausto","family":"Coello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Unidad de Medicina Traslacional  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PROAUDIO, Instituto integral de audici\u00f3n y lenguaje  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"V\u00e1sconez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ  Quito Pichincha Ecuador"},{"name":"College of Medicine The University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25530"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"993","article-title":"Evaluation of Newborns With Preauricular Skin Lesions","volume":"85","author":"Dancel R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353\u2010021\u201000674\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34352"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12091392"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2023.104199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2022.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000009867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2023.111838"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.12.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/ajcr.904907"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.2501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T12:51:56Z","timestamp":1754916716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.2501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.2501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.2501","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2501"}}