{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T09:50:57Z","timestamp":1765878657534,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008323","name":"Zanjan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IR.ZUMS.REC.1400.248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IR.ZUMS.REC.1400.248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Stress is one of the causes of fertility weakness in both females and males and herbal approaches may reduce this harmful effect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Dracocephalum moldavica<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>DM<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) on the reproductive system in parental pre\u2010pregnancy stress.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this experimental study, male and female rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, stress (restraint stress daily for 50 and 15\u2009days for male and female, respectively), extract, and stress\u2009+\u2009extract. After treatment, the control and experimental rats were mated. Pregnant females were kept undisturbed until delivery and weaning. Offspring were divided into four groups according to the parents\u2019 treatment: McFc, McFc+EX, MsFs, MsFs+EX (M: male, F: female, C: control, S: stress, and EX: extract). Epididymis and vagina were dissected from adult rats; sperm parameters, the thickness of vaginal epithelium, vaginal pH, sex hormone levels were assessed; in pups, testosterone\/estradiol, litter size and sex ratio were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>DM<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract significantly reduced immotile, dead, and abnormal sperms (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and led to increased levels of testosterone\/estradiol in parents and offspring (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01); the sex ratio was changed among the groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.036); the highest number of female pups belonged to the MsFs group. Stress led to a decrease in vaginal thickness and pH while\n                      <jats:italic>DM<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract increased them (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicate that\n                      <jats:italic>DM<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract may have a beneficial effect on some reproductive parameters affected by pre\u2010conception stress. Notably, it was associated with improvements in sperm quality, hormone levels in parents and offspring, and certain vaginal health measures. Further research is needed to confirm these effects and better understand the underlying mechanisms.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.2545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T09:06:59Z","timestamp":1763370419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Pre\u2010Conception Stress and\n                    <i>Dracocephalum moldavica<\/i>\n                    Extract on Sperm Parameters and Sex Hormones\u00a0in Parents and Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Leila","family":"Ghassemifard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajar","family":"Ramezanikhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Persian Medicine School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4777-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Saboory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center Health and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences  Zanjan Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia  Girne Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010025\u201010579\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"Dracocephalum Moldovica: Cultivation, Chemical Composition And Biological Activity","volume":"2","author":"Acimovic M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Agronomy, Technology and Engineering Management"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200701389383"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14246203"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jveb.2024.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201097730\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg199"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"1459","volume-title":"The Biology of Spermatogenesis: The Past, Present and Future","author":"Cheng C. 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