{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:53:23Z","timestamp":1774529603112,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003009","name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5352"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5352"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Split\u2010hand\/foot malformations (SHFM) have both dominant and recessive inheritance patterns, but the autosomal recessive forms (SHFM1D and SHFM6) are much rarer and often present with more severe and asymmetrical limb defects compared to the dominant forms. This study aimed to investigate the genetic basis of SHFM in patients presenting with limb anomalies and associated features, contributing to the understanding of autosomal recessive SHFM subtypes (SHFM1D and SHFM6).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical and radiological assessments were performed on the patients, followed by exome sequencing and segregation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two patients exhibited median clefts in hands\/feet, aplasia\/hypoplasia of phalanges. Patient 1 also presented with genital anomalies (hypospadias), hearing loss, and atrial defect detected in one patient. Exome sequencing identified two novel homozygous variants: A nonsense variant (p.Glu33*) in DLX5 (SHFM1D) in Patient 1 and a missense variant (p.Leu87Pro) in WNT10B (SHFM6) in Patient 2. Parental sequencing confirmed heterozygous carrier status. The DLX5 variant truncates the protein upstream of the DNA\u2010binding domain, while the WNT10B variant disrupts a conserved palmitoylation site, impairing WNT signaling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study expands both the genetic and phenotypic spectra of autosomal recessive SHFM. We report the second documented case of SHFM1D worldwide. It is the first case to link the recessive SHFM1D with hypospadias, thereby expanding its clinical spectrum. Our findings also distinguish the distinct pathogenic mechanisms of\n                      <jats:italic>DLX5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>WNT10B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010related malformations. Further research into the DLX5\/WNT10B pathways may provide insights into human development and differentiation in the context of SHFM and associated anomalies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:17:19Z","timestamp":1772993839000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel Homozygous\n                    <scp>DLX5<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>WNT10B<\/scp>\n                    Variants Expand the Genetic and Phenotypic Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive Split\u2010Hand\/Foot Malformations (\n                    <scp>SHFM1D<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>SHFM6<\/scp>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9567-0896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heba A.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Molecular Genetics Human Genetics &amp; Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Center of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asmaa M.","family":"Esmail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Human Genetics &amp; Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mervat","family":"Elbelbesy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Department Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nargues M.","family":"Hassanein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Genetics Department Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona S.","family":"Aglan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Human Genetics &amp; Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mona L.","family":"Essawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Molecular Genetics Human Genetics &amp; Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre  Cairo Egypt"},{"name":"Center of Excellence of Human Genetics, National Research Centre  Cairo 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