{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T04:18:46Z","timestamp":1787545126313,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DD001226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DD001226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DD001302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DD001302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication usage prior to conception and over the duration of pregnancy is common. Two frequent sources that record such medications are self\u2010report and administrative databases. Our goal was to examine the pattern of agreement among medications reported in each source.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We linked all interviewed subjects recruited for the Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS (BD\u2010STEPS) in California to their Medi\u2010Cal insurance claims. BD\u2010STEPS is a population\u2010based case\u2013control study including livebirths, stillbirths, and terminations with a major birth defect and livebirth controls without defects. Among 195 California BD\u2010STEPS participants that completed a structured interview and linked to their Medi\u2010Cal claims, we compared the agreement of self\u2010reported medication use with that documented in insurance claims using the simple kappa statistic and 95% confidence intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 195 subjects, accounting for both sources there were a total 128 medications recorded. Agreement between self\u2010report and Medi\u2010Cal claims based on the kappa statistic varied considerably; for example, we found that acetaminophen [\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06 (\u22120.04, 0.15)], amoxicillin [\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.05 (\u22120.12, 0.21)], ibuprofen [\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02 (\u22120.10, 0.14)], and ondansetron [\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.11 (\u22120.07, 0.28)] all had poor agreement. Five medications showed perfect agreement [\n                      <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.00 (1.00, 1.00)] including amlodipine, glyburide, methimazole, metoprolol, and mirtazapine. For some medications agreement varied by case and control status or time to recall, but estimates were often imprecise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medication reporting during pregnancy that comes from administrative claims and self\u2010report each have their distinct advantages and limitations. Understanding how and why certain medications will populate one but not the other is an important consideration. Data drawn from multiple sources have the ability to complement one another, perhaps more so than confirm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T03:00:17Z","timestamp":1781924417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pattern of Agreement Among Medications Used During Pregnancy as Recorded in Self\u2010Report and Administrative Claims From California"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0361-4078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Mayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-4914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Enhanced Care Management Birth Equity Population of Focus: Frequently Asked Questions","author":"California Department 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