{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:08:16Z","timestamp":1790255296517,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":302,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) remains a significant public health concern due to persistent tobacco use, electronic nicotine delivery systems, and second\u2010hand exposure during pregnancy. Epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated that nicotine can readily cross the placenta, disrupt placental development, and interfere with tightly regulated processes of fetal organogenesis. These early perturbations are increasingly recognized as initiating a cascade of structural, functional, and molecular alterations that extend beyond gestation and influence health trajectories across the lifespan. However, existing studies are often compartmentalized by developmental stage, limiting mechanistic integration across prenatal, natal, postnatal, and later\u2010life outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review aims to (i) synthesize evidence from placental biology, developmental toxicology, neurobiology, and epigenetics to propose an integrated, life\u2010course cascade model of PNE; (ii) delineate how nicotine\u2010induced placental dysfunction and fetal hypoxia during prenatal development transition into structural, physiological, perinatal autonomic, and cardiorespiratory vulnerability, contributing to adverse birth outcomes and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome; and (iii) examine how early disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediated signaling alters neuronal differentiation, synaptic maturation, neuroimmune interactions, and stress\u2010response pathways, leading to persistent cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric susceptibility in postnatal life and adulthood. Emerging evidence for epigenetic reprogramming, sex\u2010specific vulnerability, and intergenerational transmission, including paternal contributions, is also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence synthesized across placental biology, developmental toxicology, neurobiology, and epigenetics supports a cascade in which nicotine\u2010induced placental dysfunction and fetal hypoxia contribute to structural, physiological, perinatal autonomic, and cardiorespiratory vulnerability, adverse birth outcomes, and increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Early disruption of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor\u2010mediated signaling is associated with alterations in neuronal differentiation, synaptic maturation, neuroimmune interactions, and stress\u2010response pathways, contributing to persistent cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric susceptibility in postnatal life and adulthood. Emerging evidence also supports roles for epigenetic reprogramming, sex\u2010specific vulnerability, and intergenerational transmission, including paternal contributions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>By integrating temporally distinct findings into a unified mechanistic framework, this review identifies critical developmental windows and molecular targets for intervention. Such an approach is essential for advancing preventive strategies, informing public health policy, and mitigating the long\u2010term and transgenerational consequences of nicotine exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.70115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T06:08:07Z","timestamp":1788502087000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nicotine Exposure During Gestation: From Placental Dysfunction to Long\u2010Term Neurobehavioral Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1246-7190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harsh","family":"Dave","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics, School of Sciences Gujarat University  Ahmedabad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0441-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubham","family":"Maru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics, School of Sciences Gujarat University  Ahmedabad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1703-6611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaid Johar","family":"SR","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Biomedical Technology, Human Genetics, School of Sciences Gujarat University  Ahmedabad Gujarat India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618\u2010013\u20100043\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108535"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/713853982"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010004\u20100560\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010006\u20100077\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202110_26884"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010017\u20104591\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202100215R"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_202203_28225"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/siny.2000.0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2377960818806285"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552\u20106909.2010.01169.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010012\u20109676\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414\u2010007\u20100155\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967\u2010015\u20100690\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2003.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14060453"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.586068"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics13121071"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094742"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584\u2010025\u201000706\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318186e5f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471\u20100528.1989.tb01582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370200601s03"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116477"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10100612"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntr191"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072\u2010020\u201000332\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21\u201006\u201001819.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.11.577"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43188\u2010021\u201000103\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.106716"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896\u20106273(04)00115\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2014\u20100329OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2023.2176205"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw324"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5835\u201012.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896\u20106273(01)00516\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072\u2010017\u20100111\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596\u2010025\u201000074\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/15592294.2014.971593"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165\u20103806(94)00152\u2010p"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137099"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/00182168\u201053.3.498"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.10151"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100528.14213"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010017\u201007920\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072\u2010024\u201000539\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2012.05.100"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17455057.2.3.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018\u2010200124040\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3052"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2021.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562\u2010021\u201001202\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91629.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201040796\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.010785"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.07.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22037\/ijcn.v18i3.41499"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.100247"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4441\u201008.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1471"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19\u201012\u201004804.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.4.R1134"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.4.e52"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2010\u20100109OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874091X01004010077"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14030262"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)01169\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115824"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14202324"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7105a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.10.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14060"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2008.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724002174"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390\u2010022\u201002463\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174420000999"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw042"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2025.108380"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2022.113384"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2024.111183"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010017\u20101996\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00427"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1275467"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.16.7575"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00478.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165\u20103806(01)00314\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000179380.41355.FC"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13246"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nty160"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719114556486"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967\u2010015\u20100384\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.48297"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00933.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174416000775"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2014.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0332961"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18332\/tid\/136031"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201071875\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.20172"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185729"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039939"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249552"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23\u201009\u201003837.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109378(81)90733\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0146\u20100005(96)80079\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102466\u201014\u201011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2013.39718"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq270"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP275885"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00218.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112489"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2021.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01569"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21526"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201902386R"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17091477"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010164"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000457063"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1823"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2007.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2008.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.10.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/r98036"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8030875"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathophys.2003.10.001"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_17_160_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Effect of Maternal Nicotine Exposure on Neonatal Lung Elastic Tissue and Possible Consequences","volume":"81","author":"Maritz G. S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal = Suid\u2010Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz207"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010022\u201001622\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioab116"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201068883\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006497"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.121937"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651\u20102227.1994.tb12953.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022\u20103476(98)70225\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0329403"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntaa069"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.101023"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010025\u201061167\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165\u20103806(97)00092\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00908"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2021.107445"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1918\u201004.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.694336"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15060800"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00408.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15914"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2014.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.70285"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12470"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2024_568"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2022.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2023.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108021"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018\u2010011\u20100805\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.10.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.10.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2020.111141"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab135"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2007.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt334"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/60.4.559"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414\u2010010\u20100428\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172951"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntad002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2012.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1473213"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102393\u201012\u201026"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e318212b40f"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174421000283"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24171\/j.phrp.2019.10.4.06"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741\u20107015\u201010\u2010129"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00393.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10870547211003664"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.19245"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896\u20106273(00)80134\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntae310"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37911-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0892\u20100362(97)00137\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.300.1.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000508545"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2013.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/rd9910355"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2007.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI5232"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.26.1.4170"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00069604"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010005\u20101077\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2009.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201098311\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201610\u20102141OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148\u2010021\u201001161\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073\u2010016\u20100348\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.04.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00935.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37495-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2007.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361\u20109230(87)90130\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165\u20103806(98)00173\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301231"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2011.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278\u20105846(03)00042\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097\u20100223(199911)19:11%3C1065::aid\u2010pd695%3E3.0.co;2\u2010r"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201010532"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001090"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP\u201022\u20100458"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293\u2010022\u201000443\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5660"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811251344687"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07513"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004991"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31109"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010017\u20102006\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012\u2010025\u201010023\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010024\u201006633\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2025.101951"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0323756"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32822"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.636668"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_265_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/iox025"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_266_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17455057241305265"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_267_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2015.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_268_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201013\u2010341"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_269_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.893863"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_270_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404\u2010013\u20102997\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_271_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/adar.2023.11628"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_272_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_273_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015907781695955"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_274_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/JP286971"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_275_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00397.2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_276_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000057985.43569.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_277_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.07.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_278_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jdn.10163"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_279_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108161"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_280_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201901145RR"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_281_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07768"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_282_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2012.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_283_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_284_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2023.104053"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_285_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/atm\u201021\u2010273"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_286_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_287_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010018\u20100039\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_288_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2013.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_289_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108650"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_290_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062920"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_291_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa238"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_292_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198064"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_293_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2020.152367"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_294_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.111057"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_295_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2022.100659"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_296_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20052"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_297_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.661304"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_298_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13030275"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_299_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117728"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_300_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.23349"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_301_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014\u20100213"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_302_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_303_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.02.010"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.70115","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/bdr2.70115","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdr2.70115","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T12:40:19Z","timestamp":1790253619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdr2.70115"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":302,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdr2.70115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdr2.70115","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70115"}}