{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:48:27Z","timestamp":1790768907802,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,20]],"date-time":"2003-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1048118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>L transposition of the great arteries (l\u2010tga) is an uncommon congenital cardiovascular malformation that occurs from abnormal looping of the primitive cardiac tube. Little is known about risk factors for the development of l\u2010tga.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is a case\u2013control study of 36 cases of l\u2010tga compared to 3,495 population\u2010based live born infant controls in the Baltimore Washington Infant Study (1981\u20131989 births). Extensive personal and occupational exposure data from parental interviews were available for all subjects. A geographic information system was used to identify potential environmental exposures, for example, hazardous waste sites prioritized for cleanup (National Priority List sites). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using exact parameter estimates from logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most infants with l\u2010tga had multiple cardiovascular anomalies, with single ventricle in 47%. Over 75% of all cases of l\u2010tga occur in two regions of contiguous cases. Within these regions, the case control OR of l\u2010tga are 13.4 (95%CI, 4.7\u201337.8) Both areas are characterized by release of toxic chemicals into air and by hazardous waste sites. Parental exposures to hair dye, smoking and laboratory chemicals are also associated with case status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>L\u2010tga, a congenital cardiovascular malformation due to very early abnormalities in embryogenesis, is associated strongly with residency in two small regions of Maryland and District of Columbia (DC), and with other parental personal or occupational exposures. Additional research is needed to identify the components of spatial and other associations that constitute etiologic risk factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67162\u2013167, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,21]],"date-time":"2003-03-21T11:59:43Z","timestamp":1048247983000},"page":"162-167","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Population\u2010based study of l\u2010transposition of the great arteries: Possible associations with environmental factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Karen S.","family":"Kuehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Loffredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1979.10489724"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Paediatric cardiology","author":"Anderson RH","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200378"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.127.16.3567","article-title":"Multiple pathways in the midline regulate concordant brain, heart and gut left\u2010right asymmetry","volume":"127","author":"Bisgrove BW","year":"2000","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Congenitally corrected transposition: a detailed review of the world literature","volume":"23","author":"Bliddal J","year":"1976","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117521"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1613"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199707000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90325-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01352-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency.2001. Available at:http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/reg3hwmd\/super\/md.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Genetic and environmental risk factors of major cardiovascular malformations","author":"Ferencz C","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Epidemiology of congenital heart disease: the Baltimore\u2010Washington Infant Study, 1981\u20131989","author":"Ferencz C","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","volume-title":"Perspectives in Pediatric Cardiology: Epidemiology of Congenital Heart Disease","author":"Ferencz C","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420480210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197005072821901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-199705000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(89)90022-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116226"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199207000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478547","article-title":"Computing distributions for exact logistic regression","volume":"82","author":"Hirji KF","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2685158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(95)70092-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/21429"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00232-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1999.14.2.138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198812000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","unstructured":"LoffredoCA.1996.The interaction of prenatal solvent exposures with genetic polymorphisms in solvent metabolizing enzymes: evaluation of risk among infants with congenital heart defects. PhD thesis. University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(200024)97:4<319::AID-AJMG1283>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0185(20000701)259:3<248::AID-AR30>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039899709602220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320280116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/scdb.1998.0280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"21A","article-title":"Environmental epidemiology of neural tube defects","volume":"50","author":"Mutchinick O","year":"1994","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","first-page":"5195","article-title":"Cardiac looping and the vertebrate left\u2010right axis","volume":"126","author":"Ramsdell AF","year":"1999","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.79.6.622"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780020108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)92461-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1992.10118769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1994.9937475"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(90)90077-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.6.1005","article-title":"Differential expression and functional analysis of Pitx2 isoforms in regulation of heart looping in the chick","volume":"128","author":"Yu X","year":"2001","journal-title":"Development"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.10015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.10015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T04:16:00Z","timestamp":1700194560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.10015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.10015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.10015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,3]]}}}