{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T07:07:38Z","timestamp":1773644858511,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,29]],"date-time":"2003-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cyclooxygenase (COX) catalyzes the committed step in prostaglandin biosynthesis and exists as two related but unique isoforms, COX\u20101 (constitutive) and COX\u20102 (inducible). Prostaglandins (PGs) are known to have many important functions in reproduction, such as placentation and decidualization. Studies with the COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 knockout mice have demonstrated that COX\u20102, but not COX\u20101, is crucial for normal ovulation, implantation, and decidualization, suggesting that COX\u20102\u2013derived PGs are important during the initial stages of pregnancy. Although the COX\u20102 knockout mice did not exhibit any abnormalities at birth, relatively little information exists with regard to the expression of COX\u20102 in the fetus during development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>In order to understand the role of COX\u20102 throughout pregnancy, we characterized the cell type and the temporal expression of inducible COX\u20102 throughout embryonic and fetal development in the rat (n = 22) by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>High levels of COX\u20102 expression were seen in decidualized uterine tissue on gestation days 7\u201313 and then in the fetal membranes on gestation days 17\u201320. Cyclooxygenase\u20102 expression was not detectable in any tissues from developing embryos during gestation days 7\u201313, but was observed in the fetal growth period (gestation days 15\u201320) in the skin, heart, cartilage, and the kidney.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>No COX\u20102 expression was seen in fetal tissues at days 7\u201313 of gestation, but was seen in various tissues at days 15\u201317 of gestation. These observations suggest that COX\u20102 may be important in mid to late pregnancy through an effect on fetal organ growth, but not in the organogenetic phase of fetal development. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:54\u201358, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,30]],"date-time":"2003-01-30T14:04:54Z","timestamp":1043935494000},"page":"54-58","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Expression of cyclooxygenase\u20102 in embryonic and fetal tissues during organogenesis and late pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"K.M.","family":"Stanfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.R.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.R.","family":"Lisowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.L.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.S.","family":"Saldeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. 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