{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:09:11Z","timestamp":1761674951906},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,25]],"date-time":"2003-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bendectin was the primary pharmaceutical treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) in the United States until the early 1980s. Its manufacture was then discontinued after public allegations that it was causing birth defects. Subsequently, meta\u2010analyses of the many epidemiological cohort and case\/control studies used to examine that hypothesis have demonstrated the absence of a detectable teratogenic effect. This study presents an ecological analysis of the same hypothesis that examines specific malformations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Annual birth defect prevalence data for the 1970s to the 1990s have been obtained for specific birth defects from the Center for Disease Control's nationwide Birth Defect Monitoring Program. These data for the US have been compared graphically to the annual US Bendectin sales for the treatment of NVP. Data have also been obtained for annual US rates for hospitalization for NVP. The three data sets have been temporally compared in graphic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The temporal trends in prevalence rates for specific birth defects examined from 1970 through 1992 did not show changes that reflected the cessation of Bendectin use over the 1980\u201384 period. Further, the NVP hospitalization rate doubled when Bendectin use ceased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The population results of the ecological analyses complement the person\u2010specific results of the epidemiological analyses in finding no evidence of a teratogenic effect from the use of Bendectin. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:88\u201397, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]],"date-time":"2003-03-18T23:09:00Z","timestamp":1048028940000},"page":"88-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Bendectin and birth defects II: Ecological analyses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Kutcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Engle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Firth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Lamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200102)63:2<100::AID-TERA1016>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/106002808802201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"209","article-title":"Temporal changes in drug use during pregnancy 1980\u201385, USA","volume":"3","author":"Engel A","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Res Drug Dev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(82)90185-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","volume":"11","year":"1981","journal-title":"FDA Drug Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.283.6284.99"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Prospective study of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy","volume":"43","author":"Gadsby R","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032718300200105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.78.3.322-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"LammSH.1984.Bendectin: final report. Submitted through Samuel H. Porter guardium ad litem to Judge Carl Rubin US District Court for the Southern District of Ohio. In re: Richardson\u2010Merrell Inc.: \u201cBendectin\u201d Product Liability Litigation MDL No. 486."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420500105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03310470025020","article-title":"Birth defects related to Bendectin use in pregnancy. I. Oral clefts and cardiac defects","volume":"245","author":"Mitchell A","year":"1981","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Variation in rates of hospitalization for excessive vomiting in pregnancy by Bendectin\/Diclectin use in Canada. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: state of the art 2000","author":"Neutel CI","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112701"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(86)90337-6"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.10034","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T17:25:10Z","timestamp":1700155510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.10034"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.10034"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.10034","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}}}