{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T22:42:05Z","timestamp":1785710525401,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,18]],"date-time":"2003-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1058486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Halogenated hydrocarbon exposure is associated with changes in gene expression in adult and embryonic tissue. Our study was undertaken to identify differentially expressed mRNA transcripts in embryonic hearts from Sprague\u2010Dawley rats exposed to trichloroethylene (TCE) or potential bio\u2010transformation products dichloroethylene (DCE) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>cDNA subtractive hybridization was used to selectively amplify expressed mRNA obtained from control or halogenated hydrocarbon exposed rat embryos. The doses used were 1100 and 110 ppm (8300 and 830 \u03bcM) TCE, 110 and 11 ppm (1100 and 110 \u03bcM) DCE, and 27.3 and 2.75 mg\/ml (100 and 10 mM) TCAA. Control animals were given distilled drinking water throughout the period of experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequencing of over 100 clones derived from halogenated hydrocarbon exposed groups resulted in identification of numerous differentially regulated gene sequences. Up\u2010regulated transcripts identified include genes associated with stress response (Hsp 70) and homeostasis (several ribosomal proteins). Down\u2010regulated transcripts include extracellular matrix components (GPI\u2010p137 and vimentin) and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> responsive proteins (Serca\u20102 Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010ATPase and \u03b2\u2010catenin). Two possible markers for fetal TCE exposure were identified: Serca\u20102 Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010ATPase and GPI\u2010p137, a GPI\u2010linked protein of unknown function. Differential regulation of expression of both markers by TCE was confirmed by dot blot analysis and semi\u2010quantitative RT\u2010PCR with levels of TCE exposure between 100 and 250 ppb (0.76 and 1.9 \u03bcM) sufficient to decrease expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sequences down\u2010regulated with TCE exposure appear to be those associated with cellular housekeeping, cell adhesion, and developmental processes, while TCE exposure up\u2010regulates expression of numerous stress response and homeostatic genes. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67488\u2013495, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,22]],"date-time":"2003-07-22T10:11:34Z","timestamp":1058868694000},"page":"488-495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Trichloroethylene effects on gene expression during cardiac development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"J. 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