{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:06:29Z","timestamp":1792152389994,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,24]],"date-time":"2003-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>An increased frequency of major limb malformations, especially terminal transverse limb defects, have been described in several studies of birth defects in children who had been exposed to the prenatal diagnosis procedure known as chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Vascular disruption has been proposed as the mechanism behind the fetal effect. We postulate that this mechanism is more likely to affect one or two middle fingers, rather than all five fingers. A recent report of the frequency of defects in any or all fingers in an unexposed control population enabled us to assess whether CVS is associated with an increased frequency of defects involving one or two fingers, as well as terminal transverse limb defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The frequency of limb\u2010reduction defects affecting one or more fingers or toes, including those with constriction rings and tissue loss, in published studies of 20,236 children who had been exposed to CVS was compared with the frequency in 161,252 newborn infants who had not been exposed to CVS. Children with recognized genetic disorders were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several aspects of the limb deficiencies were more common in the CVS\u2010exposed infants than in unexposed controls. The former were more likely to have: 1) any type of limb deficiency involving one or more fingers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; .001); 2) absence\/hypoplasia of two fingers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt; .001); and 3) absence\/hypoplasia of all five fingers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>= .015). The absence of the distal portion of the third finger was a distinctive type of limb\u2010reduction defect in CVS\u2010exposed infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The occurrence of deficiencies in one or two fingers, including those designated as \u201camniotic band deformities,\u201d are as common as terminal transverse limb defects in CVS\u2010exposed infants, and both are much more common than in unexposed infants. The absence of the distal portion of the third finger, with tapering and stiff joints, appears to be a distinctive effect of exposure to CVS. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T14:27:54Z","timestamp":1061562474000},"page":"557-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Chorionic villus sampling: A distinctive teratogenic effect on fingers?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Caroline M.","family":"Golden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis B.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440304"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420140203"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970131218"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960315)62:2<173::AID-AJMG11>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420410616"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420480202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.91.5.989","article-title":"Spectrum of limb disruption defects associated with chorionic villus sampling","volume":"91","author":"Burton BK","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970090110"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320460406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91374-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0223(199712)17:13<1313::AID-PD298>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Limb defects and chorionic villus sampling: results from an international registry, 1992\u20131994","volume":"353","author":"Froster UG","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)12363-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70516-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00332-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320240414"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0004.2000.570305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1968.03140030055015","article-title":"Pregnancy in a patient with a prosthetic mitral valve. Associated with a fetal anomaly attributed to warfarin sodium","volume":"203","author":"Kerber IJ","year":"1968","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","first-page":"292","article-title":"Preliminary observations on isotretinoin\u2010induced ear malformations and pattern formation of the external ear","volume":"11","author":"Lammer E","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1989.10478842"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Congenital constriction band syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment","volume":"66","author":"Light TR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970120508"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)76507-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)93117-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1970131109"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e64"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","first-page":"623","article-title":"Thalidomide embryopathy: a model for the study of congenital incomitant horizontal strabismus","volume":"89","author":"Miller MT","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420220311"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901053200104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420510104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90283-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","first-page":"673","article-title":"Interruption s\u00e9lective de grossesses et malformations embryonnaires des extr\u00e9mit\u00e9s","volume":"18","author":"Roze JM","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00125817-199911000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(65)90588-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-19810601-06","article-title":"Fetal vascular disruptions: mechanisms and some resulting birth defects","volume":"10","author":"Van Allen MI","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.27.3.213-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350212"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199807)58:1<13::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","first-page":"A266","article-title":"Neonatal limb malformations in a CVS population: British Columbia data","volume":"51","author":"Wilson RD","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hum Gen"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.10078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.10078","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T15:26:56Z","timestamp":1734103616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.10078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.10078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.10078","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,24]]}}}