{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T12:25:18Z","timestamp":1748867118539},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]],"date-time":"2003-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clubfoot is a relatively common and potentially disabling birth defect. The etiology of clubfoot (talipes equinovarus [TEV]) is not known. Joint laxity, or hypermobility, is a suspected risk factor for congenital hip dislocation and clubfoot.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2010control study of TEV in five western Washington counties. A total of 239 cases of TEV were identified from hospital and outpatient sources from 1986 to 1994. Controls (n = 356) were identified by random\u2010digit dialing (RDD). Parents were interviewed over the telephone, and medical records were abstracted. In\u2010person measurements of four joint laxity indices in parents and the index child were obtained.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderately elevated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were found for extension &gt;90\u00b0 of the entire little finger, and extension of all four fingers to a position parallel to the forearm (OR = 1.6; 95% CI = 0.9\u20132.9; and OR = 1.7; CI = 1.1\u20132.5; respectively). No elevation in the OR was found for the wrist and elbow laxity measures. No consistent pattern of association between joint laxity measures in parents and an elevated OR of clubfoot among their children was found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study suggest a role for joint laxity in the etiology of TEV. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T14:27:54Z","timestamp":1061562474000},"page":"585-590","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Joint laxity and the risk of clubfoot"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Olshan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane C.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth W.","family":"Alderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent S.","family":"Mosca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.5.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3633-0_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"The analysis of case\u2010control studies","author":"Breslow NE","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B1.8421041","article-title":"Joint laxity and hip rotation in normal children and in those with congenital dislocation of the hip","volume":"75","author":"Carr AJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-196400330-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980901)79:2<97::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Smith's recognizable patterns of human deformation","author":"Graham JM","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114869"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.7.658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1927.02680480020010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a071323","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology of common malformations (excluding central nervous system defects)","volume":"32","author":"Leck I","year":"1976","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980901)79:2<90::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"1051","article-title":"A single\u2010gene explanation for the probability of having idiopathic talipes equinovarus","volume":"53","author":"Rebbeck TR","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.10071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1978.10479995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.46B3.445","article-title":"Family studies and the cause of congenital club foot","volume":"46","author":"Wynne\u2010Davies R","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2.4.227"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.7.4.315"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.10085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.10085","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:26:19Z","timestamp":1696983979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.10085"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.10085"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.10085","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,31]]}}}