{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T14:35:30Z","timestamp":1789396530022,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,1]],"date-time":"2003-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1059696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have previously shown that the <jats:italic>Hox<\/jats:italic> gene <jats:italic>Hoxb\u20105<\/jats:italic> is necessary for normal mouse lung branching morphogenesis. Abnormal <jats:italic>Hoxb\u20105<\/jats:italic> regulation causes specific alterations in airway branching. We hypothesized that <jats:italic>Hoxb\u20105<\/jats:italic> is similarly involved in human lung branching morphogenesis, and is abnormally expressed in bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), both of which are congenital lung malformations with abnormal airway development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The temporal, spatial, and cellular expression of the Hoxb\u20105 protein was evaluated in normal human lung and BPS and CCAM tissue using Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The expression of Hoxb\u20105 during human lung development showed strong similarities to that during mouse lung development. Western blots showed high Hoxb\u20105 protein levels in the pseudoglandular period (PSG), decreased but sustained levels in the canalicular period (CAN), and negligible levels during the alveolar period (ALV). Immunocytochemistry showed Hoxb\u20105 protein expression in mesenchymal cells around branching airways in the pseuodglandular period, subepithelial fibroblast localization (especially at airway branch points) in the CAN and minimal expression in the ALV. In BPS and CCAM tissue, Hoxb\u20105 protein levels were increased compared to age\u2010 and developmentally\u2010matched lung tissue, and were more similar to the PSG and CAN with Hoxb\u20105\u2013positive cells in mesenchyme surrounding abnormally branched airways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hoxb\u20105 expression during human lung branching morphogenesis, which is similar to that observed in mouse lung development, indicates that it plays a role in controlling airway patterning. This notion is supported by results from BPS and CCAM tissue, in which Hoxb\u20105 is maintained in a manner typical of an earlier developmental stage and is associated with development of abnormal lung tissue. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,22]],"date-time":"2003-08-22T14:27:54Z","timestamp":1061562474000},"page":"550-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Expression of Hoxb\u20105 during human lung development and in congenital lung malformations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"MaryAnn V.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lessin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven 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