{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:27:55Z","timestamp":1761560875724},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]],"date-time":"2004-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methanol administered to C57BL\/6J mice during gastrulation causes severe craniofacial dysmorphology. We describe dysmorphogenesis, cell death, cell cycle assessment, and effects on development of cranial ganglia and nerves observed following administration of methanol to pregnant C57BL\/6J mice on gestation day (GD) 7.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were injected (i.p.) on GD 7 with 0, 2.3, 3.4, or 4.9 gm\/kg methanol, split into two doses. In embryos of mice treated with 0 or 4.9 gm\/kg methanol, we used histology and LysoTracker red staining on GD 8 0 hr through GD 8 18 hr to examine cell death and dysmorphogenesis, and we also evaluated cell\u2010cycle distribution and proliferation using flow cytometry (FCM) and BrdU immunohistochemistry. On GD 10, we evaluated the effect of GD 7 exposure to 0, 2.3, 3.4, or 4.9 gm\/kg methanol on cranial ganglia and nerve development using neurofilament immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methanol treatment on GD 7 resulted in reduced mesenchyme surrounding the fore\u2010 and midbrain, and in the first branchial arches, by GD 8 12 hr. There were disruptions in the forebrain neuroepithelium and optic pit. Neural crest cell emigration from the mid\u2010 and hindbrain region was reduced in methanol\u2010exposed embryos. Methanol had no apparent effect on BrdU incorporation or cell\u2010cycle distribution on GD 8. Cell death was observed in the hindbrain region along the path of neural crest migration and in the trigeminal ganglion on GD 8 18 hr. Development of the cranial ganglia and nerves was adversely affected by methanol. Development of ganglia V, VIII, and IX was decreased at all dosage levels; ganglion VII was reduced at 3.4 and 4.9 gm\/kg, and ganglion X was reduced at 4.9 gm\/kg.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest that gastrulation\u2010stage methanol exposure affects neural crest cells and the anterior mesoderm and neuroepithelium. Cell death was evident in areas of migrating neural crest cells, but only at time points after methanol was cleared from the embryo, suggesting an indirect effect on these cells. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. Published 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]],"date-time":"2004-04-06T19:04:42Z","timestamp":1081278282000},"page":"172-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pathogenesis of methanol\u2010induced craniofacial defects in C57BL\/6J mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Sigmund J.","family":"Degitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Zucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clinton Y.","family":"Kawanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gwen S.","family":"Massenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(93)90013-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.118.1.139","article-title":"Anterior mesendoderm induces mouse engrailed genes in explant cultures","volume":"118","author":"Ang SL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/faat.1993.1127"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420490610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.1995.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199702)55:2<138::AID-TERA4>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000066748"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.112.1.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(93)90203-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90197-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(83)90318-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1994.1211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420520307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199706)55:6<364::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT user's guide, version 6","author":"SAS Institute","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.116.2.297","article-title":"Vital dye analysis of cranial neural cell migration in the mouse embryo","volume":"116","author":"Serbedzija GN","year":"1992","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6795717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001660303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-5748(84)90014-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.8.2569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(95)00009-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420270211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0320(19981101)33:3<348::AID-CYTO9>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Developmental biology protocols","author":"Zucker RM","year":"2000"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.20010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.20010","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T02:39:24Z","timestamp":1700188764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.20010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.20010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.20010","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}}}