{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,21]],"date-time":"2025-09-21T17:51:28Z","timestamp":1758477088184},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]],"date-time":"2007-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1173830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal epidemiologic similarities between gastroschisis and preeclampsia have led to the objective of evaluating the risk for gastroschisis related to primigravidity, change in paternity, and length of cohabitation, considered as risk factors for preeclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The subjects were 288 newborns with isolated gastroschisis and 576 normal controls, matched by maternal age. They were ascertained in the Estudio Colaborativo Latino Americano de Malformaciones Congenitas hospital network of 10 South American countries between 1982 and 2005. Epidemiologic variables were compared among controls, between primigravidas and multigravidas, between multigravidas who had and had not changed partners, and between mothers with short and long cohabitation times with their partners. Risks associated with primigravidity, short cohabitation time, and changing paternity, as well as their combinations, were calculated. An eventual interaction between maternal age and the three risk factors was assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only a short cohabitation time showed a significant OR for gastroschisis (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.52\u20133.66, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), whereas ORs were not significant for primigravidity (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.84\u20132.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .192) nor for changing paternity (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.49\u20133.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .752). The risk was highest for multigravidas who had changed partners (OR = 8.71, 95% CI: 2.93\u201321.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), followed by multigravidas who had not changed partners (OR = 3.99, 95% CI: 1.07\u201315.43, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .049), and by primigravidas (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.58\u20135.76, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = .001), all having cohabitated for a short time. Maternal age did not modify these risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three groups at risk for a child with gastroschisis were identified, all having in common a short cohabitation time. Antigenic or \u201cmodern\u201d lifestyle\u2013related factors might be involved in the origin of gastroschisis. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,15]],"date-time":"2007-03-15T02:43:57Z","timestamp":1173926637000},"page":"483-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Risk for gastroschisis in primigravidity, length of sexual cohabitation, and change in paternity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Rittler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo E.","family":"Castilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge S.","family":"Lopez\u2010Camelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-006-0219-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200256"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200111000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","volume-title":"Prevenci\u00f3n primaria de los defectos cong\u00e9nitos","author":"Castilla EE","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000080776"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","article-title":"Novel risk factor in gastroschisis: Change of paternity","author":"Chambers CD","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199806000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"333","article-title":"Barrier family planning methods as risk factor which predisposes to preeclampsia","volume":"68","author":"Hernandez\u2010Valencia M","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ginecol Obstet Mex"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"Gastroschisis: abdominal wall disruption secondary to early gestational interruption of the omphalomesenteric artery","volume":"7","author":"Hoyme HE","year":"1983","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430220066032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-43583"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19970331)69:3<237::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200308000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"456","article-title":"Eclampsia complicating hydatidiform molar pregnancy with a coexisting, viable fetus. 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