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This study assessed the association between periconceptional use of weight loss products and major structural birth defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers of infants with birth defects (case infants) and a random sample of livebirths (control infants) born during the period 1998\u20132003 in 10 states participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for the association between self\u2010reported use of weight loss products and 23 categories of birth defects were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers of control infants (2.4%) and 2.6% of mothers of case infants reported periconceptional use of weight loss products; 1.2% of mothers of control infants and 1.3% of mothers of case infants reported using an ephedra\u2010containing product. Use of any weight loss product was associated with anencephaly (aOR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.3\u20135.3), dextro\u2010transposition of the great arteries (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1\u20134.3), and aortic stenosis (aOR 3.4; 95% CI: 1.5\u20137.9). Use of products containing ephedra showed an increased aOR with anencephaly (aOR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.0\u20137.3), while other weight loss products were associated with dextro\u2010transposition of the great arteries (aOR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2\u20132.7), and aortic stenosis (aOR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3\u20133.5).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results suggest an association between periconceptional use of weight loss products and certain birth defects but the possible mechanism is not clear. This is the first finding of such an association and, because we examined a large number of exposure\u2010outcome associations in a hypothesis\u2010generating analysis, these results might have been due to chance. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,14]],"date-time":"2008-06-14T02:27:03Z","timestamp":1213410423000},"page":"553-562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Periconceptional use of weight loss products including ephedra and the association with birth defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Rebecca H.","family":"Bitsko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennita","family":"Reefhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Louik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Werler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia L.","family":"Feldkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. 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