{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:03:07Z","timestamp":1761393787373},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,20]],"date-time":"2009-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Corrosion casting and immunohistochemical staining with anti\u2010alpha smooth muscle actin and anti\u2010CD34 was utilized to demonstrate the capillary plexus and venous system in control and malformed mouse hearts. <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Outflow tract malformations (e.g., double outlet right ventricle, transposition of the great arteries, and common truncus arteriosus) were induced in progeny of pregnant mice by retinoic acid administration at day 8.5 of pregnancy. <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Although control hearts exhibited areas in which capillaries tended to be oriented in parallel arrays, the orientation of capillaries in the respective areas of malformed hearts was chaotic and disorganized. The major branch of a conal vein in control hearts runs usually from the left side of the conus to its right side at the root of the pulmonary trunk and opens to the right atrium below the right auricle; thus, it has a curved course. On the other hand, a conal vein in malformed hearts courses from the left side or from the anterior side of the conus and tends to traverse straight upwards along the dextroposed aorta or along the aortopulmonary groove with its proximal part located outside of the heart. Other cardiac veins in outflow tract malformations are positioned in the same locations as in control hearts. <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> We postulate that the changed location of the conal vein and disorganized capillary plexus result from malformed morphogenesis of the outflow tract and\/or a disturbed regulation of angiogenic growth factor release from the adjacent environment. 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