{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T20:33:19Z","timestamp":1788294799955,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1238976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Literature on the risk of birth defects among foreign\u2010 versus U.S.\u2013born Hispanics is limited or inconsistent. We examined the association between country of birth, immigration patterns, and birth defects among Hispanic mothers. <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> We used data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals and assessed the relationship between mothers' country of birth, years lived in the United States, and birth defects among 575 foreign\u2010born compared to 539 U.S.\u2013born Hispanic mothers. <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Hispanic mothers born in Mexico\/Central America were more likely to deliver babies with spina bifida (OR = 1.53) than their U.S.\u2013born counterparts. Also, mothers born in Mexico\/Central America or who were recent United States immigrants (\u22645 years) were less likely to deliver babies with all atrial septal defects combined, all septal defects combined, or atrial septal defect, secundum type. However, Hispanic foreign\u2010born mothers who lived in the United States for &gt;5 years were more likely to deliver babies with all neural tube defects combined (OR = 1.42), spina bifida (OR = 1.89), and longitudinal limb defects (OR = 2.34). Foreign\u2010born mothers, regardless of their number of years lived in the United States, were more likely to deliver babies with anotia or microtia. <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Depending on the type of birth defect, foreign\u2010born Hispanic mothers might be at higher or lower risk of delivering babies with the defects. The differences might reflect variations in predisposition, cultural norms, behavioral characteristics, and\/or ascertainment of the birth defects. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]],"date-time":"2009-04-06T20:10:06Z","timestamp":1239048606000},"page":"755-763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Are birth defects among Hispanics related to maternal nativity or number of years lived in the United States?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Tunu","family":"Ramadhani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Kim","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Royle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Scheuerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008653"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC).2006. Birth defects: frequently asked questions. March 21 2006. In:March of Dimes Quick reference and fact sheets. Available at:http:\/\/www.marchofdimes.com\/professionals\/14332_1206.asp. Accessed August 2008."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Neural tube defects: why are rates high among populations of Mexican descent?","volume":"103","author":"Harris JA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Env Health Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30618"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Statistics in the health sciences. Logistic regression. A self\u2010learning text","author":"Kleinbaum DG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","volume-title":"Sexual and reproductive health of U.S. Latinas: a literature review","author":"Latino Issues Forum (LIF)","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/78.4.627"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Morgan Stanley Children Hospital of New York Presbyterian (MSCH).2001.Overview of birth defects. Colombia University Medical Center. Available at:http:\/\/www.childrensnyp.org\/mschony\/P02113.html. 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