{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:59:56Z","timestamp":1791197996936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]],"date-time":"2009-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1248739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thalidomide is a very potent teratogen capable of causing severe systemic malformations if the fetus is exposed during the sensitive period. Although structural anomalies of the eye can occur from thalidomide exposure, the most frequent eye complication is secondary to damage to the cranial nuclei in the brain stem, resulting in aberrant neurologic connections causing a condition of abnormal ocular movement, Duane syndrome. A less frequent anomalous neurologic complication is tearing when eating (paradoxical gustolacrimal tearing or \u201ccrocodile tears\u201d) or lack of emotional tearing. The involvement of the 6th and 7th cranial nerves, often seen together in the thalidomide\u2010affected individual, is also characteristic of M\u00f6bius syndrome\/sequence. This syndrome usually occurs sporadically, but characteristic findings of this condition have also been observed in South American children who were born after an unsuccessful attempt to induce abortion with the prostaglandin drug misoprostol (Cytotec<jats:sup>\u00a9<\/jats:sup>). Aberrant tearing also occurs in some individuals with M\u00f6bius syndrome. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), an unexpected associated finding in a Swedish thalidomide study, is now also noted in M\u00f6bius studies, in patients both with and without exposure to misoprostol. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,28]],"date-time":"2009-07-28T22:16:29Z","timestamp":1248819389000},"page":"667-676","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Thalidomide and misoprostol: Ophthalmologic manifestations and associations both expected and unexpected"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Marilyn T.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Str\u00f6mland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"M\u00f6bius syndrome: a study and report of 18 cases","volume":"5","author":"Amaya LG","year":"1990","journal-title":"Binocular Vis Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","volume-title":"DSM\u2010III\u2010R. 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