{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:00:29Z","timestamp":1791270029565,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,22]],"date-time":"2010-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of hypospadias and its time trends during 1993\u20132005 in southeast China, and to explore the potential risk factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study population included all male live and still births (at least 20 weeks of gestation) in 11 cities and counties in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces in Southeast China born during January 1, 1993, through December 31, 2005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall prevalence of hypospadias was 5.8 per 10,000 male births and presented an increasing trend during 1993\u20132005 (with \u03c7<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:15420752:media:BDRA20673:tex2gif-stack-1\"\/> of 3.94, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.047). Prevalence of coronal hypospadias and those with unknown sites increased from 1.7 and 0.3 per 10,000 male births in 1993 to 3.6 and 1.4 per 10,000 male births in 2005, respectively (with \u03c7<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-2.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:15420752:media:BDRA20673:tex2gif-stack-2\"\/> of 7.29 and 9.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002, respectively), but prevalence of perineal hypospadias decreased (with \u03c7<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-stack-3.gif\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:15420752:media:BDRA20673:tex2gif-stack-3\"\/> of 7.13, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008). Maternal fever during first trimester, birth of twins or more children, and year of birth were independent risk factors for hypospadias, with odds ratios of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.32\u201312.83), 3.37 (95% CI, 1.73\u20136.58), and 1.04 (95% CI, 1.00\u20131.08), respectively, after adjusting for confounding factors with multivariable logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of hypospadias increased during 1993\u20132005 in the two provinces in southeast China. Maternal fever in the first trimester and birth of twins or more children are associated with the risk for hypospadias. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,23]],"date-time":"2010-04-23T00:25:49Z","timestamp":1271982349000},"page":"458-465","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Secular trends of hypospadias prevalence and factors associated with it in southeast China during 1993\u20132005"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongwei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junchi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixin","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiguo","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0013-9351(02)00089-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2004.00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0304-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000091603.43531.d0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0265673021000039628"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)66578-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65334-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000138343.20069.5f"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.87.2.F150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000249528.93963.be"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2006.112862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.99107297","article-title":"International trends in rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism","author":"Paulozzi LJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.5.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.4.1112"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2008.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20646"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"A case\u2010control study on risk factors of hypospadias","volume":"25","author":"Wang JP","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.004945"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68992-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","first-page":"274","article-title":"Secular trends of hypospadias in Chinese","volume":"36","author":"Wu Y","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sichuan Univ (MedSciEdi)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"753","article-title":"An epidemiological investigation of hypospadias in China","volume":"18","author":"Wu Y","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chin J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32001"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.20673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.20673","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T08:50:12Z","timestamp":1698742212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.20673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,22]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.20673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.20673","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,22]]}}}