{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,31]],"date-time":"2025-08-31T23:17:46Z","timestamp":1756682266595},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]],"date-time":"2011-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neural tube defects (NTDs) often result in fetal death or elective termination; therefore, not all cases are captured in typical hospital\u2010based surveillance. We examined sociodemographic differences among pregnancy outcomes to assess sources of bias in NTD surveillance and research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used 1999 to 2005 Texas Birth Defects Registry data, a population\u2010based active surveillance system, and calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). We then assessed the association of anencephaly and spina bifida with the selected characteristics, stratified by pregnancy outcomes (fetal death, elective termination, or live birth).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were available for 1852 NTD cases (anencephaly, 677; spina bifida, 954; and encephalocele, 221), resulting in 1211 live births, 236 fetal deaths, and 405 elective terminations. For both anencephaly and spina bifida, a significant excess of Hispanic mothers was observed among live\u2010birth cases (aPRs = 1.2\u20132.4), but not among mothers experiencing other pregnancy outcomes. Mothers of anencephaly cases resulting in a non\u2010live birth were more likely to be adolescents (aPRs = 2.4\u20132.7 for ages &lt;20 years old vs. ages 25\u201329 years old), but this pattern was not observed for live\u2010birth cases. A trend of increasing anencephaly risk with increasing parity was demonstrated only among fetal\u2010death cases. For spina bifida, mothers of fetal\u2010death (but not live\u2010birth) cases were less likely to live along the Texas\u2013Mexico border (aPR = 0.30).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Demographic differences across NTD pregnancy outcomes exist and are a potential source of bias. Inclusion of all pregnancy outcomes in NTD surveillance is vital in NTD monitoring and research. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. \u00a9 2011 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]],"date-time":"2011-02-02T18:28:30Z","timestamp":1296671310000},"page":"185-191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Importance of including all pregnancy outcomes to reduce bias in epidemiologic studies of neural tube defects\u2014Texas, 1999 to 2005"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Sharyn E.","family":"Parks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tunu A.","family":"Ramadhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.2007. AIUM practice guideline for the performance of obstetric ultrasound examinations. Available at:http:\/\/www.aium.org\/publications\/guidelines\/obstetric.pdf. Accessed July 12 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2008.00975.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20508"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.90008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009610"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.44.s3.2.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1739"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0b013e318160f274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008953"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.31907"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.20772","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.20772","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T02:48:31Z","timestamp":1697510911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.20772"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.20772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.20772","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,2]]}}}