{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:48:04Z","timestamp":1790707684683,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]],"date-time":"2012-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Terminal transverse limb defects with nubbins occur in one arm at one of several levels (distal humerus, proximal forearm, wrist, and at the metacarpal\u2010phalangeal joint in the hand). The associated nubbins contain osteocartilaginous tissue and small nails and are not associated with evidence of amnion disruption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We present affected newborn infants whose terminal transverse limb defects are at one of these three levels: proximal forearm, elbow, or metacarpal\u2010phalangeal joint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesize that the presence of residual digit\u2010like structures reflects a regenerative process that has occurred during limb development in these infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>DISCUSSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only limited regeneration of digit\u2010like structures can occur in the human fetus. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]],"date-time":"2012-01-30T06:53:31Z","timestamp":1327906411000},"page":"129-133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Hypothesis: Terminal transverse limb defects with \u201cnubbins\u201d represent a regenerative process during limb development in human fetuses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Gardiner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lewis B.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"1949 Odense Copenhagen A Birch\u2010Jenson K Andelsbogtry I Keriet Congenital deformities of the upper extremities 127 130"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"887","article-title":"Vertebrate limb regeneration and the origin of limb stem cells","volume":"46","author":"Bryant SV","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91374-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2005.8.141"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.6.1731"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(86)90020-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.78.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2007.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80759-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80343-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(74)80220-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.37.193.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80019-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Congenital constriction band syndrome. 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