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Five single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed significant evidence of linkage and association with CL\/P and these results were replicated in an independent European sample of 825 case\u2010parent trios. We also report compelling evidence for interaction between markers in <jats:italic>RUNX2<\/jats:italic> and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Although most marginal SNP effects (i.e., ignoring maternal exposures) were not statistically significant, eight SNPs were significant when considering possible interaction with ETS when testing for gene (G) and GxE interaction simultaneously or when considering GxE alone. Independent samples from European populations showed consistent evidence of significant GxETS interaction at two SNPs (<jats:italic>rs6904353<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>rs7748231<\/jats:italic>). Our results suggest genetic variation in <jats:italic>RUNX2<\/jats:italic> may influence susceptibility to CL\/P through interacting with ETS. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,12]],"date-time":"2012-01-12T14:36:57Z","timestamp":1326379017000},"page":"76-83","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Evidence of gene\u2010environment interaction for the <i>RUNX2<\/i> gene and environmental tobacco smoke in controlling the risk of cleft lip with\/without cleft palate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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