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Because the newer AEDs differ in their pharmacokinetics from the first generation AEDs, it is hoped that the second generation AEDs will be less teratogenic. <jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold> The findings in pregnancy cohorts and case\u2010control studies concerning lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin\u2010exposed pregnancies have been analyzed. <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold> The rate of all malformations in lamotrigine monotherapy\u2010exposed pregnancies has been between 2.0 and 5.6%, in comparison to baseline rates of 1.1 to 3.6% in two unexposed comparison groups. Compared to reference populations, a higher risk (0.4%) of isolated oral clefts has been observed in one cohort of 1562 lamotrigine\u2010exposed pregnancies, but the risk was lower (0.1%) in other studies. In topiramate\u2010exposed pregnancies, the rate of all malformations has been 4.2 to 4.9%, with an increase in oral clefts with and without other anomalies. The limited information available now for gabapentin has shown no evidence of teratogenicity. Concerning other developmental effects of these drugs, young children exposed to lamotrigine in utero have shown no deficits in cognitive function. Prenatal exposure to topiramate has been associated with an elevated frequency of small size for gestational age newborns. <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold> The information available suggests an increased risk of oral clefts in infants exposed to topiramate, and perhaps lamotrigine, early in pregnancy, and of growth retardation for topiramate\u2010exposed infants. Larger sample sizes are needed to clarify the questions that have been raised. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 94:599\u2013606, 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,22]],"date-time":"2012-06-22T20:26:19Z","timestamp":1340396779000},"page":"599-606","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Newer anticonvulsants: Lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Lewis 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