{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T09:17:45Z","timestamp":1789204665101,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,29]],"date-time":"2012-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal nutritional status has been evaluated to clarify its role in development of neural tube defects (NTDs). Maternal folate intake during pregnancy has been closely evaluated for its association with NTDs. The study objective was to examine associations between NTDs and other dietary periconceptional micronutrient intake, particularly nutrients involved in one\u2010carbon metabolism or antioxidant activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997\u20132005, logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative risk of NTDs based on maternal micronutrient intake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results were stratified according to folic acid supplement use, race\/ethnicity, and maternal body mass index. Analyses included 954 cases (300 with anencephaly, 654 with spina bifida) and 6268 controls. Higher intakes of folate, thiamin, betaine, iron, and vitamin A were associated with decreased risk of anencephaly among some ethnic and clinical groups. In some groups, higher intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin, and retinol were associated with decreased risk of spina bifida.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to folic acid, other micronutrients, including thiamin, betaine, riboflavin, vitamin B<jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin, iron, retinol, and vitamin A, may decrease the risk of NTD occurrence. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 2012. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,29]],"date-time":"2012-08-29T12:35:21Z","timestamp":1346243721000},"page":"864-874","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Neural tube defects and maternal intake of micronutrients related to one\u2010carbon metabolism or antioxidant activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Angela L.","family":"Chandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bridget S.","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Canfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan Ping","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Siega\u2010Riz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"National Birth Defects Prevention Study","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.4.946"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20468"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1409","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the birth prevalence of spina bifida \u2013 United States, 1995\u20132005","volume":"57","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2009","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1063-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199212243272602"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050310001650662"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.3.941S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90165-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)81951-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn331"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90133-A","article-title":"Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. 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