{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T07:30:59Z","timestamp":1769499059555,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]],"date-time":"2013-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have suggested that being obese before pregnancy is a risk factor for neural tube defects (NTDs), while results of many studies are controversial. This study aims to explore the association between maternal overweight and obesity before pregnancy and risk of NTDs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 1:1 matched case\u2013control study was conducted. Cases were 459 women who delivered infants or conceived fetuses with NTDs in two provinces of China and controls were 459 women with live\u2010born infants, without an apparent congenital malformation, matched with cases by region, delivery hospital, and year of childbirth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with normal body weight, maternal obesity (body mass index, BMI \u2265 28 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) before pregnancy had a significant increased risk for NTDs as a group after adjusting for age, occupation, educational level, family income, parity, and use of folic acid (odds ratio, OR = 2.45; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). No significant increase in NTD risk was found for maternal underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and overweight (BMI from 24 to 28 kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). For three subtypes of NTDs, anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, no significant increase in risk was found with maternal underweight, overweight, or obesity (all, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal obesity before pregnancy is associated with risk of NTDs and should be considered in maternal reproductive health care. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,13]],"date-time":"2013-03-13T01:27:57Z","timestamp":1363138077000},"page":"161-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Maternal overweight and obesity and the risk of neural tube defects: A case\u2013control study in China"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Li\u2010Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing\u2010Bin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2010Hong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhong\u2010Tang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000147122.97061.bb"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-175"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2007.00163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00128072-200002060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067103"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000020916"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20471"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200111000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000151988.84346.3e"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Birth defects and prevention: the main factors affecting the quality of birth in China","volume":"8","author":"Jun Z","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Chin Prevent Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009408"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Preventing neural tube defects with periconceptional folic acid supplementation: a population based intervention program in the China","volume":"80","author":"Li Zhu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Natl Med J China"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"1056","article-title":"Periconceptional Supplementation with folate and multivitamins for preventing neural tube defects (Cochrane Review)","volume":"3","author":"Lumley J","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"648","article-title":"Promote birth population quality and reduce birth deficiency and deformity action plan of China (2002\u20132010)","volume":"17","author":"Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China and Disabled Persons Federation of China","year":"2002","journal-title":"Maternal Child Health Care of China"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(01)00293-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guide on prevention from overweight and obesity for adults in China(exp)","volume":"26","author":"Obesity Working Organization of China","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Nutr Sin"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(200005)61:5<376::AID-TERA9>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530380035028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09735.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(94)70224-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.8.745"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1152","article-title":"Maternal obesity and risk for birth defects","volume":"111","author":"Watkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530380031027"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23123","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T03:15:00Z","timestamp":1697512500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23123"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23123","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}}}