{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:02:18Z","timestamp":1791874938616,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]],"date-time":"2013-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1368403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine prevalence of prenatal alcohol use in Brazzaville, Congo and to evaluate a prenatal screening tool for use in this population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A prospective population screening program of 3099 women at 10 prenatal care clinics in Brazzaville, Congo using the 1\u2010Question screen. To validate the 1\u2010Question screen in this population we screened 764 of these women again using the T\u2010ACE as a gold standard for comparison study. The study outcomes were as follows: prevalence of self\u2010reported prenatal alcohol use in Brazzaville using the 1\u2010Question screen, estimation of number of drinking days, drinks per drinking day, most drinks on any one occasion. We also estimated the epidemiologic performance criteria for the 1\u2010Question screen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3099 women screened were classified as follows: no risk 77% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092,384); at risk 3.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009115); and as high risk 19.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009600). Of the women reporting drinking during pregnancy, 87.4% reported drinking 4 or more drinks on any occasion. The agreement for detection of alcohol use during pregnancy by the 1\u2010Question Screen and a positive T\u2010ACE score was 94.7%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>23.3% of women attending prenatal care in Brazzaville reported alcohol use during pregnancy and 83% of them continued to drink after recognition of pregnancy. Prenatal alcohol exposure should be the focus of efforts to improve identification of alcohol use prior to and during pregnancy to improve maternal and child health. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:489\u2013496, 2013<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]],"date-time":"2013-05-13T11:45:08Z","timestamp":1368445508000},"page":"489-496","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Prenatal alcohol exposure in the Republic of the Congo: Prevalence and screening strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Nkombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congolese Association for Research and Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Brazzaville Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gery","family":"Nkodia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congolese Association for Research and Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Brazzaville Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Leonardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mountain Plains Research  Montana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Burd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics North Dakota Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Center, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Grand Forks North Dakota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008260"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-5217-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2003.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1466424006063184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","author":"Central Intelligence Agency [Internet]","year":"2012","journal-title":"The world factbook 2012: country comparison: infant mortality rate"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2011.587559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"962","article-title":"Alcohol Consumption by pregnant women in the Western Cape","volume":"89","author":"Croxford J","year":"1999","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.4.305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0844-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-009-0500-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.What's a standard drink?2007. 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