{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:22:02Z","timestamp":1783952522471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with birth defects may face significant geographic barriers accessing medical care and specialized services. Using a Geographic Information Systems\u2013based approach, one\u2010way travel time and distance to access medical care for children born with spina bifida was estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using 2007 road information from the Florida Department of Transportation, we built a topological network of Florida roads. Live\u2010born Florida infants with spina bifida during 1998 to 2007 were identified by the Florida Birth Defects Registry and linked to hospital discharge records. Maternal residence at delivery and hospitalization locations were identified during the first year of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 668 infants with spina bifida, 8.1% (n\u2009=\u200954) could not be linked to inpatient data, resulting in 614 infants. Of those 614 infants, 99.7% (n\u2009=\u2009612) of the maternal residential addresses at delivery were successfully geocoded. Infants with spina bifida living in rural areas in Florida experienced travel times almost twice as high compared with those living in urban areas. When aggregated at county levels, one\u2010way network travel times exhibited statistically significant spatial autocorrelation, indicating that families living in some clusters of counties experienced substantially greater travel times compared with families living in other areas of Florida.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>This analysis demonstrates the usefulness of linking birth defects registry and hospital discharge data to examine geographic differences in access to medical care. Geographic Information Systems methods are important in evaluating accessibility and geographic barriers to care and could be used among children with special health care needs, including children with birth defects.<jats:italic>Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:673\u2013684, 2013<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T11:14:39Z","timestamp":1378120479000},"page":"673-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Modeling travel impedance to medical care for children with birth defects using Geographic Information Systems"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Delmelle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Earth Sciences and Center for Applied GIScience, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia H.","family":"Cassell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coline","family":"Dony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Earth Sciences and Center for Applied GIScience, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Radcliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Paul","family":"Tanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Siffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell S.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Surveillance Program, Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"A framework for the study of access to medical care","volume":"9","author":"Aday LA","year":"1974","journal-title":"Health Serv Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"Agency for Health Care Administration.2013.Florida Agency for Health Care Administration. Disclaimer. Available at:http:\/\/www.floridahealthfinder.gov\/CompareCare\/Disclaimer.aspx. Accessed June 3 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/08-154.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/09-235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-2-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0833-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-1215"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"GIS and public health","author":"Cromley E","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-11-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12061-010-9048-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-3114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Report on birth defects in Florida 1998\u20132007","author":"Florida Department of Health","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8292(01)00037-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20363"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2006.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-3-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b33043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-7-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2011.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2012.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2009.01044.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016327879401700104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.7.1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/X204-4223-57MK-8273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2009.01045.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20586"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Prevalence of spina bifida at birth\u2013United States, 1983\u20131990: a comparison of two surveillance systems","volume":"45","author":"Lary JM","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR CDC Surveill Summ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00212-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2009.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/b29120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.EDE.0000073160.79633.c1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S4.1538","article-title":"Implementing community\u2010based systems of services for children and youths with special health care needs: how well are we doing?","volume":"113","author":"McPherson M","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195123944.001.0001","volume-title":"Geographic information systems for transportation: principles and applications","author":"Miller HJ","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/37.1-2.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seps.2008.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3138\/D794-N214-221R-23R5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-011-0116-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32581"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2011.1154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.11.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960415)15:7\/9<717::AID-SIM243>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"The relative contribution of data sources to a birth defects registry utilizing passive multisource ascertainment methods: does a smaller birth defects case ascertainment net lead to overall or disproportionate loss?","volume":"38","author":"Salemi JL","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Registry Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20325"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-0361.2007.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-6-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","volume-title":"Federal Register. Urban area criteria for Census 2000: proposed criteria. Department of Commerce","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","volume-title":"Urban and rural classification","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","volume-title":"Healthy people 2020 topics and objectives: maternal, infant, and child health","author":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Development of web\u2010based geocoding applications for the population\u2010based Birth Defects Surveillance System in New York state","volume":"37","author":"Wang Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Registry Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Geocoding capacity of birth defects surveillance programs: results from the National Birth Defects Prevention Network Geocoding Survey","volume":"37","author":"Wang Y","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Registry Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.11.1674"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOMS.0000032851.76239.e3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1597\/06-233.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2007.11.006"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23168","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T14:55:07Z","timestamp":1715957707000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23168","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]}}}