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This new form of BPD is the result of multiple antenatal and postnatal factors that can cause injury to the developing lung leading to altered alveolar and vascular development. Over the years, there has been considerable increase in knowledge of factors that contribute to the development of BPD. This has led to different strategies for prevention as well as management of BPD. Some of these strategies have been successful and have withstood the test of clinical trials, such as vitamin A supplementation, post\u2010natal steroids, caffeine, and volume targeted ventilation. The evidence for other interventions has been weak or negative. With better understanding of the complex and multifactorial pathogenesis of BPD, it is quite clear that any single therapy is very unlikely to eliminate this problem unless it reduces prematurity. Further development in prevention and treatment of BPD will likely need a multi\u2010pronged strategy with novel therapeutic agents acting at various stages of the disease process. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:134\u2013144, 2014<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]],"date-time":"2014-02-27T12:50:58Z","timestamp":1393505458000},"page":"134-144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Clinical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Deepak","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Bancalari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miami Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-141603166-6.10003-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.254055019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7211538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.75.1.106","article-title":"Controlled trial of dexamethasone in respirator\u2010dependent infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia","volume":"75","author":"Avery GB","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.1.26","article-title":"Is chronic lung disease in low birth weight infants preventable? 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