{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T10:07:16Z","timestamp":1774951636397,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]],"date-time":"2015-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In utero exposure to thalidomide causes a wide range of birth defects, including phocomelia, hearing loss and visceral disorders, known as thalidomide embryopathy (TE). Fifty years after the first report of TE, we conducted the first cross\u2010sectional multicenter study to investigate the development of lifestyle\u2010related diseases and identify risk factors for visceral disorders in subjects with TE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010six cases with TE (31 men, 45 women) underwent medical examinations between 2011 and 2014 to determine the types of TE\u2010related anomalies (limbs, auditory organs, or visceral organs) and lifestyle\u2010related diseases present. Logistic multiple regression analyses, adjusted for gender and age, were conducted between TE and lifestyle\u2010related diseases and to evaluate association between block vertebra and gallbladder aplasia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fatty liver (FL), nonalcoholic FL disease and dyslipidemia were detected in 52.6%, 35.0%, and 23.7% of subjects, respectively, with higher incidences among men. Dyslipidemia was detected in 40.0% of subjects with FL and was significantly associated with FL (odds ratio\u2009=\u20098.86; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008). Block vertebrae were detected in 44.4% of subjects with gallbladder aplasia, and this association was significant (odds ratio\u2009=\u20099.96; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.006).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subjects with TE have also a risk for lifestyle\u2010related disease as well as the general Japanese population. In addition, cervical spine radiography and magnetic resonance imaging are recommended to assess block vertebrae in subjects with TE with gallbladder aplasia who develop shoulder pain. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:787\u2013793, 2015. \u00a9 2015 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,3]],"date-time":"2015-06-03T00:41:07Z","timestamp":1433292067000},"page":"787-793","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Multicenter investigation of lifestyle\u2010related diseases and visceral disorders in thalidomide embryopathy at around 50 years of age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Shiga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Check\u2010up, Department of General Medicine National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuro","family":"Shimbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Study and Informatics Center for Clinical Sciences National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsuto","family":"Yoshizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.24.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199612)54:6<273::AID-TERA1>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.027086"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0533-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2007.04952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199902)59:2<120::AID-TERA6>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i6.735"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.05806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Association between hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia as related to hypertension in alcohol consumers and obese people","volume":"9","author":"Ikai E","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"46","volume-title":"principal investigator. Final report of the study funded in FY2011 by a Grant\u2010in\u2010Aid for Research on Regulatory Science of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan under the title \u2018National Study on the Health and Living Situation of Thalidomide\u2010Impaired People'","author":"Kayamori R","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2490\/jjrmc.50.957"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"64","volume-title":"Thalidomide and medical trajectory","author":"Kayamori R","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-003-1178-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199921030-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01718.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.12.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199911)60:5<306::AID-TERA11>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare of Japan.2013. Part 2. Result of survey on physical conditions.Report of National Health and Nutrition Survey in2011:107\u2013152. Available at:http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/kenkou\/eiyou\/dl\/h23\u2010houkoku.pdf. Accessed October 24 2014 (in Japanese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.27126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20384"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"38","volume-title":"principal investigator. 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