{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T07:27:43Z","timestamp":1782372463336,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Center for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)"},{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS)","award":["#U01DD000494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#U01DD000494"]}]},{"name":"Title V block grant at Texas DSHS"},{"name":"Biostatistics\/Epidemiology\/Research Design (BERD)"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012684","name":"Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Centers for Translational Science Award","award":["UL1 TR000371"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR000371"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R03 DE02173901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03 DE02173901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Associations have been reported between maternal radiation exposure and birth defects. No such studies were found on radon. Our objective was to determine if there is an association between living in areas with higher radon levels and birth defects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Texas Birth Defects Registry provided data on all birth defects from 1999 to 2009 from the entire state. Mean radon levels by geologic region came from the Texas Indoor Radon Survey. The association between radon and birth defects was estimated using multilevel mixed effect Poisson regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Birth defects overall were not associated with residential radon levels. Of the 100 other birth defect groups with at least 500 cases, 14 were significantly elevated in areas with high mean radon level in crude analyses, and 9 after adjustment for confounders. Cleft lip with\/without cleft palate had an adjusted prevalence ratio of 1.16 per 1 picoCurie\/liter (pCi\/L) increase in exposure to region mean radon, 95% confidence interval, 1.08\u20131.26. Cystic hygroma \/ lymphangioma had an adjusted prevalence ratio of 1.22 per 1 pCi\/L increase, 95% confidence interval, 1.02\u20131.46. Other associations were suggested but not as consistent: three skeletal defects, Down syndrome, other specified anomalies of the brain, and other specified anomalies of the bladder and urethra.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the first study of residential radon and birth defects, we found associations with cleft lip w\/wo cleft palate and cystic hygroma \/ lymphangioma. Other associations were suggested. The ecological nature of this study and multiple comparisons suggest that our results be interpreted with caution. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:5\u201315, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T16:43:15Z","timestamp":1428338595000},"page":"5-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Residential radon and birth defects: A population\u2010based assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MinJae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences Department of Internal Medicine Medical School and Biostatistics\/Epidemiology\/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Section of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad H.","family":"Rahbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences Department of Internal Medicine Medical School Division of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences School of Public Health, and Biostatistics\/Epidemiology\/Research Design (BERD) Core, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruben K.","family":"Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry).2012. Toxicological profile for radon. US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at:http:\/\/www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp145.pdf. Accessed Nov 23 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Reducing birth defects: meeting the challenge in the developing world","author":"Bale JR","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.49.2.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199904)59:4<182::AID-TERA2>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3579339"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jes.7500501"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e31802f7d38"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Spatial distribution of orofacial cleft births in Harris County, Texas, and radium in the public water supplies: a persistent association?","volume":"104","author":"Cech I","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tex Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112408"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"471","article-title":"Abnormalities in children exposed to x\u2010radiation during various stages of gestation: tentative timetable of radiation injury to the human fetus, part 1","volume":"9","author":"Dekaban AS","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"596","article-title":"Evaluation of the impact of Chernobyl on the prevalence of congenital anomalies in 16 regions of Europe. EUROCAT Working Group","volume":"29","author":"Dolk H","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"423","article-title":"Congenital malformations among newborns and developmental abnormalities among human embryos in Belarus after Chernobyl accident","volume":"48","author":"Feshchenko SP","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.07.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1968.tb02815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3580135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20407"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33413"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Changes in registered congenital anomalies in the Republic of Belarus after the Chernobyl accident","volume":"15","author":"Lazjuk GI","year":"1997","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102362.330"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01096.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","volume-title":"National Academy of Sciences \/ National Research Council. Health Effects of exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations. BEIR V","author":"NAS\/NRC","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"1053","article-title":"The children of parents exposed to atomic bombs: estimates of the genetic doubling dose of radiation for humans","volume":"46","author":"Neel JV","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3577576"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.90002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.10.6.687","article-title":"Anomalies occurring in children exposed in utero to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima","volume":"10","author":"Plummer G","year":"1952","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.55.9.647c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","first-page":"64","article-title":"Effect of ionizing radiations, including radioisotopes, on the placenta and embryo","volume":"1","author":"Rugh R","year":"1965","journal-title":"Birth Defects"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.8.3523"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cga.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114799"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","volume-title":"Final report of the Texas indoor radon survey","author":"Smith G","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6948.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.42.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-010-0350-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","volume-title":"Health effects of the Chernobyl accident and special health care programmes; report of the UN Chernobyl Form Expert Group \u201cHealth\u201d","author":"WHO (World Health Organization)","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.06.003"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T04:20:30Z","timestamp":1695702030000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23369"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23369","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]]}}}