{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:01:48Z","timestamp":1790524908711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450656000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined associations of birth defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in California. Subjects included 367 cases representing five types of birth defects and 785 nonmalformed controls born 1997 to 2006.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Overall, 46% of cases and 38% of controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500\u2009m radius of mother's address during a 3\u2010month periconceptional window.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for 85 groups and 95 chemicals with five or more exposed cases and control mothers. Ninety\u2010five percent confidence intervals (CI) excluded 1.0 for 11 ORs for groups and 22 ORs for chemicals, ranging from 1.9 to 3.1 for groups and 1.8 to 4.9 for chemicals except for two that were &lt;1 (noted below).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For groups, these ORs were for anotia\/microtia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200995 cases) and dichlorophenoxy acids\/esters and neonicotinoids; anorectal atresia\/stenosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200977) and alcohol\/ethers and organophosphates (these ORs were\u2009&lt;\u20091.0); transverse limb deficiencies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959) and dichlorophenoxy acids\/esters, petroleum derivatives, and triazines; and craniosynostosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200979) and alcohol\/ethers, avermectins, neonicotinoids, and organophosphates. For chemicals, ORs were: anotia\/microtia and five pesticides from the groups dichlorophenoxy acids\/esters, copper\u2010containing compounds, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, and triazines; transverse limb deficiency and six pesticides \u2013 oxyfluorfen and pesticides from the groups copper\u2010containing compounds, 2,6\u2010dinitroanilines, neonicotinoids, petroleum derivatives and polyalkyloxy compounds; craniosynostosis and 10 pesticides \u2013 oxyfluorfen and pesticides from the groups alcohol\/ethers, avermectins, n\u2010methyl\u2010carbamates, neonicotinoids, ogranophosphates (two chemicals), polyalkyloxy compounds (two chemicals), and pyrethroids; and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200962) and a copper\u2010containing compound. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:27\u201335, 2016. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]],"date-time":"2015-12-21T14:12:48Z","timestamp":1450707168000},"page":"27-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risks of selected birth defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Suzan L.","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Kegley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Research Institute Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pesticide Research Institute Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul B.","family":"English","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health Richmond California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Lammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Developmental Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(71)90111-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199505000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","unstructured":"California\u2010Environmental\u2010Health\u2010Tracking\u2010Program.2012a. 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