{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:14:59Z","timestamp":1790219699857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Radboud university medical center in Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a heterogeneous group of birth defects with a variety of genetic and nongenetic factors suspected of involvement in the etiology. However, little is known about risk factors in specific CAKUT phenotypes. Therefore, we studied potential maternal risk factors in individual phenotypes within the CAKUT spectrum.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 562 children with CAKUT and 2139 healthy controls within the AGORA data\u2010 and biobank. Potential maternal risk factors investigated included folic acid use, overweight and obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, subfertility, and diabetes mellitus. We performed logistic regression analyses to assess associations between these potential risk factors and CAKUT phenotypes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased risks of CAKUT were observed for folic acid use and maternal obesity, while fertility treatment by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> fertilization or intrauterine insemination and diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy also seem to be associated with CAKUT. Use of multivitamins reduced the risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2\u20131.0) as opposed to use of folic acid supplements only (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0\u20131.8). Folic acid use was associated with duplex collecting systems (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.0\u20133.4) and vesicoureteral reflux (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1\u20132.9) in particular. A relatively strong association was observed between diabetes during pregnancy and posterior urethral valves (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1\u20135.9).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of folic acid only seems to be counterproductive for prevention of CAKUT, in contrast to multivitamin use. Furthermore, we observed differences in risk factor patterns among CAKUT phenotypes, which stress the importance of separate analyses for each phenotype. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:596\u2013603, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T06:35:53Z","timestamp":1459751753000},"page":"596-603","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":79,"title":["Maternal risk factors involved in specific congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Sander","family":"Groen in 't Woud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten Y.","family":"Renkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel F.","family":"Schreuder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte H.W.","family":"Wijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loes F.M.","family":"van der Zanden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nine V.A.M.","family":"Knoers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wout F.J.","family":"Feitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology\/Pediatric Urology Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernie M.H.F.","family":"Bongers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nel","family":"Roeleveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Radboudumc Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris A.L.M.","family":"van Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Evidence Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2010.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2006.tb00867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2530-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00061-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1008095"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"CD007950","article-title":"Effects and safety of periconceptional folate supplementation for preventing birth defects","volume":"12","author":"De\u2010Regil LM","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.2000.3.3.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1939-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.3.571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199505000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.2.249"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20778"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980630)78:2<140::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.4.e11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.31982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2205"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32897"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.113"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1152","article-title":"Maternal obesity and risk for birth defects","volume":"111","author":"Watkins ML","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32834fdbd4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00167.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38919.495718.AE"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23500","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T10:02:40Z","timestamp":1696586560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23500","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]]}}}