{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T23:46:39Z","timestamp":1768002399754,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008231","name":"Arkansas Biosciences Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008231","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australian Aboriginal children have increased infant and childhood mortality compared with Caucasian children, but their mortality related to congenital heart defects (CHDs) throughout life is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data on 8,110 live born, singleton infants with CHDs born January 1980 to December 2010 from the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies. Vital status was determined from death and medical records. Data for infants with chromosomal anomalies (except Down syndrome) were excluded. Kaplan\u2010Meier Product\u2010Limit estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed by Aboriginality. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated from multivariable Cox\u2010Proportional Hazard Regression models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aboriginal children had lower survival than Caucasians for all CHDs combined but most notably during the neonatal period for functional single ventricle (50.0% vs. 86.1%; <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.015) and during the postneonatal period for tetralogy of Fallot (87.0% vs. 97.4%; <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.021) and atrioventricular septal defect (60.0% vs. 94.6%; <jats:italic>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.010). After adjusting for covariates except remoteness and socioeconomic status (SES), Aboriginal children with all CHDs combined (HR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0\u20131.9), with transposition of the great arteries (HR = 4.3; 95% CI, 1.0\u201318.9) or functional single ventricle (HR = 8.6; 95% CI, 1.3\u201357.9) had increased risk of mortality compared with Caucasian children. When remoteness and SES were included, the risks were not statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term survival was lower for Aboriginal children with CHDs, and Aboriginal children with specific CHD phenotypes had increased risk of mortality throughout life. Increased risk may be due to SES and environmental factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:1016\u20131031, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T14:38:34Z","timestamp":1478011114000},"page":"1016-1031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Twenty\u2010five\u2013year survival for aboriginal and caucasian children with congenital heart defects in Western Australia, 1980 to 2010"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Wendy N.","family":"Nembhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute  Arkansas"},{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Eckersley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Cardiac Centre Princess Margaret Hospital  Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Birth Defects Research, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute  Arkansas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Bower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute University of Western Australia Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies King Edward Memorial Hospital  Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143092.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Australian Demographic Statistics, Dec 2015","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Births, Australia","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Close the gap: Indigenous Health Campaign","author":"Australian Human Rights Commission","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1996.tb00962.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.19.2376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"Report of the Western Australian Register of Developmental Anomalies, 1980\u20102014","author":"Bower C","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10119"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2007.09.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"A validation study of the Western Australian Midwives' Notification System. 2005 data","author":"Downey F","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2014-307691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.881904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-0188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68771-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2006.00895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14017430410024379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.1784"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-009-3169-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.947002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"Information about health data","author":"Government of Western Australia","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2003.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AH080766"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.03.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491212700106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"620","article-title":"Infant mortality from congenital malformations in the United States, 1970\u20101997","volume":"98","author":"Lee K","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.627224"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","volume-title":"Information paper: 1996 Census of population and housing: socio\u2010economic indexes for areas","author":"McLennan W","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","first-page":"442","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic disparities in mortality related to congenital heart defects among children and adults in the United States","volume":"18","author":"Nembhard WN","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethn Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2010-2702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","volume-title":"Socio\u2010Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA), 2011","author":"Pink B","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2006.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2010.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1051\/ject\/201244216","article-title":"Improvements in survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in surgical treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a meta\u2010analytic review","volume":"44","author":"Sistino JJ","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Extra Corpor Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","volume-title":"Information paper: census of population and housing: socio\u2010economic indexes for areas, Australia","author":"Trewin D","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.06.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01272-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(1997)14:5<493::AID-GEPI4>3.0.CO;2-2"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23572","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23572","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T12:13:41Z","timestamp":1695730421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23572"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23572","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}