{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:27:21Z","timestamp":1792708041635,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Congenital microcephaly has been linked to maternal Zika virus infection. However, ascertaining infants diagnosed with microcephaly can be challenging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty birth defects surveillance programs provided data on infants diagnosed with microcephaly born 2009 to 2013. The pooled prevalence of microcephaly per 10,000 live births was estimated overall and by maternal\/infant characteristics. Variation in prevalence was examined across case finding methods. Nine programs provided data on head circumference and conditions potentially contributing to microcephaly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pooled prevalence of microcephaly was 8.7 per 10,000 live births. Median prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was similar among programs using active (6.7) and passive (6.6) methods; the interdecile range of prevalence estimates was wider among programs using passive methods for all race\/ethnicity categories except Hispanic. Prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was lowest among non\u2010Hispanic Whites (6.5) and highest among non\u2010Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics (11.2 and 11.9, respectively); estimates followed a U\u2010shaped distribution by maternal age with the highest prevalence among mothers &lt;20 years (11.5) and \u226540 years (13.2). For gestational age and birth weight, the highest prevalence was among infants &lt;32 weeks gestation and infants &lt;1500 gm. Case definitions varied; 41.8% of cases had an HC \u2265 the 10\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentile for sex and gestational age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Differences in methods, population distribution of maternal\/infant characteristics, and case definitions for microcephaly can contribute to the wide range of observed prevalence estimates across individual birth defects surveillance programs. Addressing these factors in the setting of Zika virus infection can improve the quality of prevalence estimates. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:972\u2013982, 2016. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]],"date-time":"2016-11-28T00:15:28Z","timestamp":1480292128000},"page":"972-982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Population\u2010based microcephaly surveillance in the United States, 2009 to 2013: An analysis of potential sources of variation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Janet D.","family":"Cragan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Isenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Carter Consulting Inc. Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha E.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.J.","family":"Alverson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Center for Health Statistics N.C. Division of Public Health Raleigh North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin B.","family":"Stallings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Carter Consulting Inc. Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell S.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Leidos Holdings, Inc. Reston Virginia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Seagroves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Carter Consulting Inc. Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Ethen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch Texas Department of State Health Services Austin Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sook Ja","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Community and Family Health Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaryAnn","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Birth Anomalies Surveillance System Oregon Public Health Division Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca F.","family":"Liberman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention Massachusetts Department of Public Health Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Fornoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiologic Studies Illinois Department of Public Health Springfield Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1872-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilyn L.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health Albany New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel E.","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Nance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Birth Defect Network, Division of Family Health and Preparedness Utah Department of Health Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"Anderka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Birth Defects Prevention Network Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah J.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York State Department of Health Albany New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Utah Birth Defect Network, Division of Family Health and Preparedness Utah Department of Health Salt Lake City Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Copeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Lansing Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Romitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Public Health University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cara T.","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Congenital and Developmental Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b783f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2784"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(69)80404-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.4.404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-3782(77)90015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(02)00065-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"Microcephaly: general considerations and aids to nosology","volume":"10","author":"Opitz JM","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20735"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1604338"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6503e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23593"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12425"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23587","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T05:11:53Z","timestamp":1694581913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23587","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1542-0752","1542-0760"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1542-0752","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-0760","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}