{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T12:15:49Z","timestamp":1793794549152,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489536000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a DNA herpesvirus that is common worldwide. The two known main sources of primary CMV infection during pregnancy are through sexual activity and contact with young children. Primary infection occurs in approximately 1 to 4% of pregnancies, and is mostly asymptomatic in immunocompetent adults. However, primary infection may manifest as a mild mononucleosis or flu\u2010like syndrome with persistent fever and fatigue. CMV can be transmitted from mother\u2010to\u2010child in utero, intrapartum, or during breastfeeding. Intrauterine transmission can lead to congenital CMV infection, a leading cause of permanent hearing and vision loss and neurological disability among children. Congenital CMV transmission rates are as high as 50% in women who acquire primary CMV infection during pregnancy, and less than 2% in women with nonprimary infection. There is no licensed CMV vaccine. Good hygiene practices and avoiding intimate contact with young children (e.g., kissing on the mouth and sharing utensils) have been suggested as an approach to prevent maternal primary CMV infection during pregnancy, but remains an unproven method of reducing the risk of congenital CMV infection. Approximately 1 in 10 infants who acquire CMV in utero will have clinical signs at birth, and an additional 10 to 15% will go on to develop late\u2010onset sequelae. Antiviral treatment prenatally and postnatally has not proven effective at preventing congenital or postnatal CMV infection, and is not recommended for routine clinical care. However, antiviral treatment when initiated in the first month of life for symptomatic congenital CMV infection is recommended for improved neurodevelopmental and audiologic outcomes. Birth Defects Research 109:336\u2013346, 2017. \u00a9 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]],"date-time":"2017-03-15T04:05:29Z","timestamp":1489550729000},"page":"336-346","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline C.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athena P.","family":"Kourtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"1981","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus","volume":"2","author":"Alford C","year":"1990","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_7.S745"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","volume-title":"Red Book\u00ae: 2015 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000466430.19823.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/421999"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652438"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Bennett JE","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.09.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.3.355"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309154"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00538-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199202000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit629"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_19_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infections in transplant patients: methods of prevention of primary cytomegalovirus","volume":"23","author":"Bowden RA","year":"1991","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-70"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1790"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.695"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.655"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_24_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and congenital CMV infection: interpretation of laboratory tests [Online]. Available athttp:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/cmv\/clinical\/lab-tests.html. Accessed March 14 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/152.3.597"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000617"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320714"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515188"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.Supplement_7.S727"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198503000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/515292"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_32_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and disease","volume":"11","author":"Demmler GJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.544"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.72.3.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv549"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80096-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.15.6808-6820.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu627"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.12.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1142"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.3.552"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.8.1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01576-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir837"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.5.1767-1772.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007450729633"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198206000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1984.tb05915.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2000.106347"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.08.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.09.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70401-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181b6dbb5"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.1814"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20150512-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198603000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198010233031702"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.02.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/154.3.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.659"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01308.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.535"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70344-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404599"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(03)00192-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907083410203"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_72_1","volume-title":"Cytomegalo\u2010virus infections of man","author":"Krech U","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0172-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0629"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/132.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0076"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2007.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2000.107110"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/906948"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00657-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.1001"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu094"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200202000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70446-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intjepid\/29.3.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit766"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_88_1","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health.A randomized trial to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) [Online]. Available athttps:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/show\/NCT01376778. Accessed March 14 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050802609767"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043337"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.01302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200006000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199007000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198605293142204"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804749"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.942"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4340"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.4118"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00487-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2005.00089.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_103_1","first-page":"2617","article-title":"Serologic and immunologic studies in patients with AIDS in North America and Africa","volume":"257","author":"Quinn TC","year":"1987","journal-title":"The potential role of infectious agents as cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus infection. JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.4.806-807.1990","article-title":"Comparison of conventional and shell vial cultures for detecting cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"28","author":"Rabella N","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_105_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy","volume":"17","author":"Raynor BD","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.3.746-752.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.680-715.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310214"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.10.3350-3352.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197307052890101"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu263"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e3181979a27"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir457"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087855"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804365105"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir138"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77349-8_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03380140074025"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.21.6.930-935.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/508173"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181644b70"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200012000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit018"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.2.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02123-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq085"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/588385"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.11.018"}],"container-title":["Birth Defects Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fbdra.23601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/bdra.23601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T17:33:22Z","timestamp":1694280802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/bdra.23601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/bdra.23601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bdra.23601","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-1727","2472-1727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-1727","type":"print"},{"value":"2472-1727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,15]]}}}