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At termination (GD 20 rats; GD 30 rabbits), fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations and variations.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> In rats, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate, at 200 mg\/kg\/day (the highest dose tested) on GD 6\u201319, resulted in maternal toxicity, including reduced body weights and weight gain, increased relative water consumption and one death. Treatment\u2010related increases in feed consumption and changes at the application site occurred at all doses, in the absence of increased body weights or body weight change. Fetal body weights\/litter were decreased at 200 mg\/kg\/day, with no other embryo\/fetal toxicity and no treatment\u2010related teratogenicity in any group. In rabbits, maternal topical exposure to sodium thioglycolate on GD 6\u201329 resulted in maternal dose\u2010related toxicity at the dosing site in all groups; no maternal systemic toxicity, embryo\/fetal toxicity, or treatment\u2010related teratogenicity were observed in any group.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was not identified for maternal toxicity in either species with the dosages tested. The developmental toxicity NOAEL was 100 mg\/kg\/day (rats) and \u226565 mg\/kg\/day (rabbits; the highest dose tested). The clinical relevance of theses study results is uncertain because no data were available for levels, frequency, or duration of exposures in female workers or end users. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Research Part B<\/jats:italic> 68:144\u2013161, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.10001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,21]],"date-time":"2004-10-21T17:49:08Z","timestamp":1098380948000},"page":"144-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Developmental toxicity evaluation of sodium thioglycolate administered topically to Sprague\u2013Dawley (CD) rats and New Zealand white rabbits"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"R.W.","family":"Tyl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.J.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.C.","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.B.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.P.J.M.","family":"van Birgelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.D.","family":"Jahnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti A","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420200208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001775"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Determination of depilatory activity using a thermomechanical analyzer","volume":"38","author":"Beideman GE","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Soc Cosmet Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"555","volume-title":"Textbook of veterinary anesthesia","author":"Blair E","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"89","volume-title":"Maternal fetal toxicology: a clinicians' guide","author":"Bologa M","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665100000422"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"258","volume-title":"The Merck index","author":"Budavari S","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3001616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10915819109078628"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"386","article-title":"Evaluation of five agents\/methods for anesthesia of neonatal rodents","volume":"47","author":"Danneman PJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lab Anim Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(97)00527-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327914nc392_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes","volume":"82","author":"Draize JH","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1955.10501294"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2528490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","unstructured":"Federal Hazardous Substance Act Standards.1980.Method of testing primary irritant substances. 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