{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T09:11:35Z","timestamp":1726477895654},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,23]],"date-time":"2003-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1066867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> Yarrow (<jats:italic>Achillea millefolium<\/jats:italic>) is used for the treatment of diarrhea, as a urinary antiseptic, hypotensive, and diuretic. Yarrow also has traditionally been used as an abortifacient, emmenagogue, contraceptive, and for stimulating uterine contractions. For this reason, it is contra\u2010indicated for use in pregnancy. There has, however, been little scientific research carried out to either confirm or refute this recommendation. <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Female rats were dosed, orally by gavage using 56 times the human dose of yarrow daily on either gestation days (GD) 1\u20138 or GD 8\u201315. Two groups of controls were included; the first received water and the second received an equivalent dose of ethanol to that found in the yarrow preparation over the two gestation periods. On GD 20, rats were sacrificed, placentae were weighed, and corpora lutea counted. The fetuses were weighed and examined for signs of external, internal or skeletal malformations.<jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> The dose used was not materno\u2010toxic. There was no increase in pre\u2010 or post\u2010implantation losses suggesting that yarrow was neither an abortifacient nor a contraceptive. Placental weights were increased in rats treated with yarrow on GD 8\u201315 compared to water and ethanol controls and on GD 1\u20138 compared to water control fetuses. Body weight was reduced in fetuses exposed to yarrow on GD 8\u201315 compared to water control fetuses. There was no difference in incidence of external or internal malformations.<jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> In the present study it was found that yarrow, when administered to rats at 56 times the human dose, was associated with reduced fetal weight and increased placental weight. In the absence of a no observable effect level for these variables it must be concluded that the consumption of yarrow is contraindicated during pregnancy until further investigations have been carried out. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Res B<\/jats:italic> 68:416\u2013420, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.10038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,24]],"date-time":"2003-10-24T08:10:14Z","timestamp":1066983014000},"page":"416-420","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Preliminary screening study of reproductive outcomes after exposure to yarrow in the pregnant rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Claire L.","family":"Boswell\u2010Ruys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen E.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia D.","family":"Brown\u2010Woodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.19.1548"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/60.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"An examination of some reputed antifertility plants","volume":"38","author":"Barnes CS","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lloydia"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.1998.00715.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051270303"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","first-page":"607","article-title":"The medicinal and poisonous composites of India","volume":"41","author":"Caius JF","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Bom Nat Hist Soc"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1071\/9780643100626","volume-title":"Anti\u2010fertility plants of the Pacific","author":"Cambie RC","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of medicinal plants","author":"Chevallier A","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.119.3097.626"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"318","volume-title":"A study of abortion in primitive societies","author":"Devereux G","year":"1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","first-page":"857","article-title":"Vasodilatory effects of flavonoids in rat aortic smooth muscle","volume":"24","author":"Duarte J","year":"1993","journal-title":"Structure\u2010activity relationships. 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