{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:41:52Z","timestamp":1762504912499},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zinc (Zn) deficiency during pregnancy results in a wide variety of developmental abnormalities. The objective of this study was to determine if expression of cardiac developmental genes regulated by Zn\u2010finger transcription factors could be modulated during dietary Zn deficiency. Rats were fed 0.5 (low Zn) or 90 (controls) \u00b5g Zn\/g diet throughout pregnancy. Fetal development was examined and RNA isolated at gestation day (GD) 13 and 20. Cardiac abnormalities were detected at GD 20 in 82% of fetuses from dams fed low Zn diets compared with only 2% in controls. Cardiac developmental gene expression regulated by the Zn\u2010finger transcription factor, GATA\u20104, was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase\u2010polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). In GD 13 and 20 hearts, two genes critical for heart development, \u03b1\u2010myosin heavy chain (\u03b1\u2010MHC) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), were down\u2010regulated in Zn\u2010deficient fetuses. Expression of \u03b1\u2010MHC was 66 and 40% lower at GD 13 and 20, respectively, in fetuses from dams fed low Zn diets compared with fetuses from control dams (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Fetal cardiac TnI RNA levels were reduced 40 and 45% at GD 13 and 20 in the Zn\u2010deficient group compared with controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Fetal cardiac transcript levels of GATA\u20104 and MHox, a gene regulated by a helix\u2010loop\u2010helix transcription factor, whose expressions are not Zn\u2010dependent, were unaffected by diet. These data indicated that alterations in gene regulation might be an underlying mechanism of cardiac abnormalities. Dysfunction of other Zn\u2010dependent transcription factors may be an integral part of the extensive teratogenesis associated with Zn deficiency. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Res B<\/jats:italic> 71:102\u2013109, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T22:00:55Z","timestamp":1081893655000},"page":"102-109","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Cardiac abnormalities induced by zinc deficiency are associated with alterations in the expression of genes regulated by the zinc\u2010finger transcription factor GATA\u20104"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"J.Y.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.J.","family":"Overmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.L.","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Clegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.P.","family":"Daston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.5.1114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.13.4.2235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1999.1058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.19.6.4355"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.115.4.1087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Metallothionein 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