{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:00:42Z","timestamp":1791846042273,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,20]],"date-time":"2004-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1090281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Birth Defects Research Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:bold> It is well known that alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in lower birth weight babies but many women stop consuming alcohol prior to conception as a part of pregnancy planning. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alcohol consumption prior to conception may also have an effect on fetal development. <jats:bold>METHODS:<\/jats:bold> Male and female C57BL\/6J mice at 4, 6, or 8 weeks of age received either a single administration of alcohol (3.0\u2009g\/kg) via intragastric gavage (IG) each day for at least 60 days, or an isovolumetric IG administration of sterile water. After 60 treatment days, males and females within each age and treatment group were mated overnight. Females continued to receive daily alcohol treatments until conception. Males continued to receive treatments until all females were successfully mated. At conception, females were isolated and left undisturbed. On embryonic day 14, fetus number, size, and weight was determined. <jats:bold>RESULTS:<\/jats:bold> Maternal food consumption, body weight at conception, and delay to conception onset did not differ between the two treatment groups or among the three age groups. Fetal body weights did not differ among the three age groups. Fetuses from females treated with alcohol had lower body weights compared to those treated with water. Male treatments did not seem to affect fetal body weight. <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:bold> Fetal growth and development can be affected by alcohol consumption prior to the time of conception. Alcohol consumption prior to conception is a potential risk factor to fetal outcome and an important consideration for those females planning to have children. <jats:italic>Birth Defects Res B<\/jats:italic> 71:135\u2013141, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,20]],"date-time":"2004-07-20T15:08:16Z","timestamp":1090336096000},"page":"135-141","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Long\u2010term alcohol exposure prior to conception results in lower fetal body weights"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Livy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(93)90042-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(94)00058-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1987.tb00168.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"955","article-title":"Pregnancy planning and pre\u2010conception counseling","volume":"82","author":"Adams MM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"667","article-title":"Ethanol\u2010induced alterations in gonadotrophins secretion during the estrous cycle of rats","volume":"28","author":"Alfonso M","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000299099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)56579-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Animal models of alcohol withdrawal","volume":"24","author":"Becker HC","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1987.tb01297.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(97)87951-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092020210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420370307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1990.tb00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(88)90054-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7111.786"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00535-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00246-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.1991.tb02541.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(98)00205-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000243117"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02312.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:14:2:213"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05062.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1994.1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/152460999319048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Ethanol: its adverse effects upon the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010gonadal axis","volume":"4","author":"Gavaler JS","year":"1983","journal-title":"Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","first-page":"789","article-title":"Characteristics of pregnant women who engage in binge alcohol consumption","volume":"156","author":"Gladstone J","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000242099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Semen quality and frequency of smoking and alcohol consumption\u2014an explorative study","volume":"40","author":"Goverde HJ","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.9.1429"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(93)90068-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.4.663"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","volume-title":"Manipulating the mouse embryo. 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